PROPOLEOS ANTIOXIDANTE
| 1: Life Sci. 2006 Jan 30; [Epub ahead of print] |
Propolis
protects human spermatozoa from DNA damage caused by benzo[a]pyrene and exogenous
reactive oxygen species.
Russo A, Troncoso N, Sanchez F, Garbarino JA,
Vanella A.
Department of Biological Chemistry,
Medical Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Catania, v.le A. Doria
6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
Many environmental, physiological and genetic factors have been implicated
in defective sperm function, the most common cause of infertility. In addition,
sperm preparation techniques such as centrifugation, used prior to in vitro
fertilization, are associated with the generation of reactive oxygen species
(ROS) and an increase in the level of DNA damage. Factors that can offer spermatozoa
protection are, therefore, of great importance. This study was designed to
examine in vitro the effect of a Chilean propolis ethanolic extract on human
spermatozoa treated with benzo[a]pyrene and exogenous reactive oxygen species.
Our experimental evidence demonstrated that the natural drug under investigation
is able to protect genomic DNA by damage induced by benzo[a]pyrene, hydrogen
peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and hydrogen peroxide in combination with adenosine 5'-diphosphate
(ADP) and ferrous sulfate (FeSO(4)), determining a significant reduction of
the intracellular oxidants. An increase in membrane damage, measured by monitoring
the formation of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and lactic
dehydrogenase (LDH) release, was observed only in sperm treated with H(2)O(2),
ADP and FeSO(4). The propolis extract was shown to possess the capacity to
protect sperm membrane from the deleterious action of oxidative attack, reducing
TBARS formation and LDH release. In summary, our results evidence that the
protective effect exhibited by this natural compound in human spermatozoa
is correlated, at least in part, to the antioxidant capacity of its active
components, and suggest that propolis may have a role in protection against
male infertility.
PMID: 16457855 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
| 2: Life Sci. 2005 Dec 20; [Epub ahead of print] |
Therapeutic
effect of paclitaxel and propolis on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system
in 7,12 dimethyl benz(a)anthracene-induced breast cancer in female Sprague
Dawley rats.
Padmavathi
R, Senthilnathan
P, Chodon
D, Sakthisekaran
D.
Department of Medical Biochemistry,
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women of developed and
developing countries. The optimum management of which requires a multidisciplinary
approach including the use of certain biochemical and molecular markers. The
effect of propolis along with paclitaxel on 7,12 dimethyl benz(a)anthracene
(DMBA) induced experimental breast cancer was investigated in female Sprague
Dawley rats. Female Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups of six
animals each. Group I served as normal control animal. Group II animals received
DMBA (20 mg in 0.5 ml sunflower oil and 0.5 ml of saline) i.p. to develop
mammary tumor by the end of 90 days. Group III were breast cancer animals
treated with 33 mg paclitaxel/kg body weight (bw) weekly once for 4 weeks.
Group IV were breast cancer-bearing animals treated with 50 mg propolis/kg
bw for 30 days. Group V were breast cancer-bearing animals treated with both
paclitaxel and propolis as mentioned above. Administration of paclitaxel and
propolis effectively suppressed breast cancer, which is revealed by the decrease
in the extent of lipid peroxidation (LPO) with concomitant increase in the
activities of enzymic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT)
and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)) and non-enzymic antioxidants (reduced glutathione
(GSH), Vitamin C and Vitamin E) levels when compared to breast cancer-bearing
animals treated with either paclitaxel or propolis alone. From our results,
we conclude that propolis is a potent antioxidant and, when given in combination
with paclitaxel, offers maximum protection against DMBA induced mammary carcinogenesis.
| 3: J Agric Food Chem. 2005 Dec 28;53(26):10306-9. |
Suppressive
effects of ethanolic extracts from propolis and its main botanical origin
on dioxin toxicity.
Park
YK, Fukuda
I, Ashida
H, Nishiumi
S, Yoshida
K, Daugsch
A, Sato
HH, Pastore
GM.
Department of Food Science,
Suppressive effects of ethanolic extracts prepared from propolis group 12
and its main botanical origin (leaf bud of Baccharis dracunculifolia) on transformation
of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), the initial action of dioxin toxicity,
were investigated. It was found that suppressive effects of propolis on AhR
transformation were relatively higher than those of resins of its botanical
origin in cell-free system and in Hepa-1c1c7 cells. When the composition of
chemical ingredients was measured, propolis contained slightly higher amounts
of flavonoid aglycones as compared with its botanical origin with the same
characteristics. Moreover, antiradical activity, one of the typical biological
activities of flavonoids, in propolis was also slightly higher than that in
its botanical origin. These results indicate that not only propolis but also
its botanical origin contains high amounts of flavonoid aglycones and that
both of them are useful dietary sources for flavonoids with a potency to prevent
dioxin toxicity.
| 4: Toxicol Ind Health. 2005 Oct;21(9):223-30. |
Mobile phone-induced
myocardial oxidative stress: protection by a novel antioxidant agent caffeic
acid phenethyl ester.
Ozguner
F, Altinbas
A, Ozaydin
M, Dogan
A, Vural
H, Kisioglu
AN, Cesur
G, Yildirim
NG.
Department of Physiology,
Electromagnetic radiation (EMR) or radiofrequency fields of cellular mobile
phones may affect biological systems by increasing free radicals, which appear
mainly to enhance lipid peroxidation, and by changing the antioxidant defense
systems of human tissues, thus leading to oxidative stress. Mobile phones
are used in close proximity to the heart, therefore 900 MHz EMR emitting mobile
phones may be absorbed by the heart. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (
| 5: Mol Cell Biochem. 2006 Jan;281(1-2):153-61. |
The protective
role of topical propolis on experimental keratitis via nitric oxide levels
in rabbits.
Duran N, Koc A, Oksuz H, Tamer C, Akaydin Y, Kozlu T, Celik M.
Department of Microbiology, Faculty
of Medicine,
The aim of this study was to investigate antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and
antibacterial properties of propolis in the treatment of experimental Staphylococcus
aureus keratitis. Twenty young
| 6: Mol Cell Biochem. 2006 Jan;282(1-2):83-8. |
Protective
effects of melatonin and caffeic acid phenethyl ester against retinal oxidative
stress in long-term use of mobile phone: A comparative study.
Ozguner
F, Bardak
Y, Comlekci
S.
Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University,
P. K. 13, Isparta, 32100, Turkey, drmfehmi@yahoo.com.
There are numerous reports on the effects of electromagnetic radiation (EMR)
in various cellular systems. Melatonin and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (
| 7: Am J Kidney Dis. 2005 Dec;46(6):e125-9. |
Acute renal
failure induced by a Brazilian variety of propolis.
Li YJ, Lin
JL, Yang
CW, Yu CC.
Department of Nephrology,
Propolis is a resinous substance collected by honeybees and used in hive construction
and maintenance. Cumulative evidence suggests that propolis may have anti-inflammatory,
antibiotic, antioxidant, antihepatotoxic, and antitumor properties. In addition
to topical applications, products containing propolis have been used increasingly
as dietary supplements. Although reports of allergic reactions are not uncommon,
propolis is reputed to be relatively nontoxic. Its systemic toxicity is rarely
reported and hence may be underestimated. This is the first report of propolis-induced
acute renal failure. A 59-year-old man required hemodialysis for acute renal
failure. The patient had cholangiocarcinoma and had ingested propolis for
2 weeks before presentation. Renal function improved after propolis withdrawal,
deteriorated again after reexposure, and then returned to a normal level after
the second propolis withdrawal. This case indicates that propolis can induce
acute renal failure and emphasizes the need for vigilance and care when propolis
is used as a medicine or dietary supplement.
PMID: 16310564 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 8: Life Sci. 2005 Nov 19; [Epub ahead of print] |
Caffeic acid
phenethyl ester ameliorates cerebral infarction in rats subjected to focal
cerebral ischemia.
Tsai
SK, Lin
MJ, Liao
PH, Yang
CY, Lin
SM, Liu
SM, Lin
RH, Chih
CL, Huang
SS.
Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, Buddhist Tzu-Chi University
and Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei Veterans General Hospital,
Taipei, Taiwan.
The effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (
| 9: J Ethnopharmacol. 2005 Nov 14; [Epub ahead of print] |
Propolis:
Effect of different concentrations, extracts and intake period on seric biochemical
variables.
Mani F, Damasceno HC,
Novelli EL, Martins EA, Sforcin JM.
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
Biosciences Institute, UNESP, 18600-000 Botucatu, SP,
Propolis is a resinous substance produced by honeybees that possesses many
biological activities, such as antitumor, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory,
and immunomodulatory, among others. The purpose of the present study was to
investigate the biochemical profile of propolis-treated rats to observe whether
propolis might lead to side effects after administration. Three different
treatments were analyzed: (1) rats were treated with different concentrations
of propolis (1, 3 and 6mg/kg/day) during 30 days; (2) rats were treated with
1mg/kg/day of ethanolic or water extracts of propolis (EEP, WEP) during 30
days; (3) rats were treated with 1mg/kg/day of ethanolic extract of propolis
during 90 and 150 days. Our results demonstrated no alterations in the seric
levels of cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, total lipids, triglycerides and in
the specific activity of aminotransferases (AST) and lactic dehydrogenase
(LDH) of propolis-treated groups when compared to controls. On the basis of
our findings, since propolis does not induce any significant change in seric
parameters, it is claimed that long-term administration of propolis might
not have any cardiac injury.
PMID: 16293383 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
| 10: J Agric Food Chem. 2005 Nov 16;53(23):8957-62. |
Evaluation
of the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, mutagenicity, and antimutagenicity of propolis
from
Nieva Moreno MI,
Zampini IC, Ordonez RM, Jaime GS, Vattuone MA,
Isla MI.
Instituto de Estudios Vegetales Dr Antonio Rodolfo Sampietro, Facultad de
Bioquimica, Quimica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucuman, Ayacucho
461, 4000 San Miguel de Tucuman, Argentina.
This study evaluates the toxic,
genotoxic/mutagenic, and antimutagenic effects of propolis extract from Amaicha
del Valle,
| 11: Am J Chin Med. 2005;33(5):779-86. |
Protective
effect of propolis ethanol extract on ethanol-induced renal toxicity: an in-vivo
study.
Liu
CF, Lin
CH, Lin
CC, Lin
YH, Chen
CF, Lin
SC.
Acute p.o. administration of absolute ethanol (10 ml/kg) to fasted mice would
produce extensive renal failure. Pretreatment with p.o. administration of
propolis ethanol extract (PEE) could prevent such renal failure effectively
and dose dependently. This renal protective effect of PEE may be contributed,
at least in part, to its antioxidative activity. The maximal antioxidative
effect against absolute ethanol (AE)-induced renal failure could be observed
1 hour after PEE administration. In order to further investigate the renal
protective mechanism of PEE, lipid peroxidation and superoxide scavenging
activity were conducted in vivo. PEE exhibited dose-dependent antioxidative
effects on lipid peroxidation in mice renal homogenate. Results indicated
that mice with acute renal failure have higher malonic dialdehyde (MDA) levels
compared with those in PEE administered mice. It was concluded that the renal
protective mechanism of PEE could be contributed, at least in part, to its
prominent superoxide scavenging effect; hence, it could protect, indirectly,
the kidney from superoxide-induced renal damages.
| 12: Ann Clin Lab Sci. 2005 Autumn;35(4):440-8. |
In vivo effects
of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury
and apoptotic changes in rats.
Cagli
K, Bagci
C, Gulec
M, Cengiz
B, Akyol
O, Sari
I, Cavdar
S, Pence
S, Dinckan
H.
Division of Cardiovascular Surgery,
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) has been reported to induce apoptotic cellular
death in myocardium. This study tested the hypothesis that caffeic acid phenethyl
ester (
| 13: Cancer Lett. 2005 Oct 15; [Epub ahead of print] |
Dietary artepillin
C suppresses the formation of aberrant crypt foci induced by azoxymethane
in mouse colon.
Shimizu K, Das SK, Baba M, Matsuura Y, Kanazawa K.
Department of Life Science, Graduate
School of Science and Technology,
Artepillin C, a prenylated phenylpropanoid found specifically in Brazilian
propolis, has been shown to be a bioavailable antioxidant. In this study,
artepillin C was tested for colon cancer-preventing activity using azoxymethane-challenged
ddY mice. Oral doses of 80 and 160mg/kg body weight of propolis or 10mg/kg
of artepillin C (equi-amounts to 160mg propolis) reduced significantly the
frequency of colonic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) by 39.2, 43.7 and 43.4%, respectively.
In liver of the mice, glutathione S-transferase and NADPH:quinone reductase
activity increased with the doses of propolis or artepillin C, and an antioxidant-responsive
element (ARE) was found to be activated for binding DNA. Artepillin C is considered
to suppress the formation of colonic ACF through the activation of ARE and
induction of phase II enzymes in liver.
| 14: Mol Carcinog. 2005 Dec;44(4):293-9. |
Artepillin
C in Brazilian propolis induces G(0)/G(1) arrest via stimulation of Cip1/p21
expression in human colon cancer cells.
Shimizu K, Das SK, Hashimoto T,
Sowa Y, Yoshida T, Sakai T, Matsuura Y, Kanazawa K.
Department of Life Science, Graduate
School of Science and Technology, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.
Potential chemopreventive agents exist in foods. Artepillin C in Brazilian
propolis was investigated for its effects on colon carcinogenesis. We had
found that artepillin C was a bioavailable antioxidant, which could be incorporated
into intestinal Caco-2 and hepatic HepG2 cells without any conjugation and
inhibited the oxidation of intracellular DNA. Artepillin C was then added
to human colon cancer WiDr cells. It dose-dependently inhibited cell growth,
inducing G(0)/G(1) arrest. The events involved a decrease in the kinase activity
of a complex of cyclin D/cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and in the levels of retinoblastoma
protein phosphorylated at Ser 780 and 807/811. The inhibitors of the complex,
Cip1/p21 and Kip1/p27, increased at the protein level. On the other hand,
Northern blotting showed that artepillin C did not affect the expression of
Kip1/p27 mRNA. According to the experiments using isogenic human colorectal
carcinoma cell lines, artepillin C failed to induce G(0)/G(1) arrest in the
Cip1/p21-deleted HCT116 cells, but not in the wild-type HCT116 cells. Artepillin
C appears to prevent colon cancer through the induction of cell-cycle arrest
by stimulating the expression of Cip1/p21 and to be a useful chemopreventing
factor in colon carcinogenesis.
PMID: 16224795 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 15: Biomed Pharmacother. 2005 Dec;59(10):561-70. Epub 2005 Aug 10. |
Antitumor,
hematostimulative and radioprotective action of water-soluble derivative of
propolis (WSDP).
Orsolic
N, Basic
I.
Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science,
Several studies suggest that dietary supplementation with antioxidant can
influence the response to chemotherapy as well as the development of adverse
side effects caused by treatment with chemotherapeutic agents. Using CBA mouse
model, we investigated a clinically potential use of a water-soluble derivative
of propolis (WSDP) in the treatment of various cytopenias induced by radiation
and/or chemotherapy. Also, the antimetastatic efficiency of WSDP given intraperitoneally
alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic agents and their effects on
the blood leukocytes count as well as on hematopoiesis were studied. Tumor
was a transplantable mammary carcinoma (MCa) of CBA mouse. Metastases in the
lung were generated by injecting viable tumor cells intravenously (iv). WSDP
(50 or 150 mg/kg) exerted a significant antimetastatic effect (P < 0.001)
when given either before or after tumor cell inoculation. In combined treatment
WSDP and Epirubicin profoundly inhibited metastasis formation; this synergistic
effect is maximal when Epirubicin and WSDP were administrated after tumor
cell inoculation. Positive outcome of combined treatment with WSDP and Epirubicin
was also found regarding the number of red and white blood cells in peripheral
blood while in mice treated with Epirubicin alone the significant drop in
all hematological parameters was noticed on day 13 after tumor cell inoculation.
Furthermore, when WSDP (50 mg/kg) was given perorally (po) for 20 consecutive
days an increased number of exogenous CFUs was found in treated mice. WSDP
given either for 20 or 40 days increased cellularity of hematopoietic tissue
and the number of leucocytes in peripheral blood; prolonged treatment with
WSDP also elevated myeloid and megakaryocytic types of CFUs. To conclude,
these findings indicate that the combination of WSDP with chemotherapeutics
could increase the antimetastatic potential of chemotherapeutic agents; these
findings suggest the benefits of potential clinical trials using WSDP combined
with chemotherapeutic agents in order to maximize their antitumor activity
and minimize postchemotherapeutic or radiotherapeutic deteriorated reactions.
| 16: Mol Cell Biochem. 2005 Sep;277(1-2):109-15. |
Lithium-induced
renal toxicity in rats: protection by a novel antioxidant caffeic acid phenethyl
ester.
Oktem
F, Ozguner
F, Sulak
O, Olgar
S, Akturk
O, Yilmaz
HR, Altuntas
I.
Department of Pediatric Nephrology,
Lithium carbonate used in the long-term treatment of manic-depressive illness
has been reported to lead to progressive renal impairment in rats and humans.
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (
| 17: Mol Cell Biochem. 2005 Sep;277(1-2):73-80. |
A novel antioxidant
agent caffeic acid phenethyl ester prevents long-term mobile phone exposure-induced
renal impairment in rat. Prognostic value of malondialdehyde, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase
and nitric oxide determination.
Ozguner
F, Oktem
F, Ayata
A, Koyu
A, Yilmaz
HR.
Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University,
P. K. 13, Isparta, 32100, Turkey. drmfehmi@yahoo.com
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (
| 18: Mol Cell Biochem. 2005 Aug;276(1-2):31-7. |
Comparative
analysis of the protective effects of melatonin and caffeic acid phenethyl
ester (
Ozguner
F, Oktem
F, Armagan
A, Yilmaz
R, Koyu
A, Demirel
R, Vural
H, Uz E.
Department of Physiology,
Melatonin and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (
PMID: 16132682 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 19: Clin Biochem. 2005 Oct;38(10):943-7. |
Antiarrhythmic
effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (
Huang
SS, Liu
SM, Lin
SM, Liao
PH, Lin
RH, Chen
YC, Chih
CL, Tsai
SK.
Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine,
Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
OBJECTIVES: The present study was designed to determine the antiarrhythmic
effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an active component of propolis,
which exhibits antioxidant properties, in rats subjected to myocardial ischemia
and ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. DESIGN AND METHODS: Rats were subjected
to 30 min coronary artery occlusion for evaluating the effect of
| 20: Nat Prod Res. 2005 Oct;19(7):673-8. |
Chemical composition
of propolis from
Christov
R, Trusheva
B, Popova
M, Bankova
V, Bertrand
M.
The chemical composition of propolis from two regions in
| 21: Leuk Res. 2005 Nov;29(11):1343-6. |
Evaluation
of Manisa propolis effect on leukemia cell line by telomerase activity.
Gunduz C, Biray C, Kosova B, Yilmaz B, Eroglu Z, Sahin F, Omay SB, Cogulu O.
Propolis is a resinous substance which is used by bees to repair and maintain
their hives. It has more than 180 compounds including flavonoids, phenolic
acids and its esters which have anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral,
immunomodulatory, antioxidant and antiproliferative effects. Propolis is shown
to inhibit cell division and protein synthesis. However the exact mechanism
underlying antitumor effect is not clearly described. On the other hand progressive
telomere shortening to a critical level results with senescence of normal
cells by inducing apoptosis and telomerase prevents erosion of telomeres.
In this study we aimed to evaluate hTERT ratios in propolis-treated T-cell
acute lymphoblastic leukemia (CCFR-CEM) cell line. Cell counts and cell viability
of propolis-treated and propolis-free T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
(CCFR-CEM) cell line were assessed by trypan blue dye exclusion test and MTT
assay. The LightCycler instrument was used (online real-time PCR) for the
quantification of hTERT in CCFR-CEM cell line. The hTERT ratio significantly
decreased 60 and 93% after 24 and 72 h respectively compared to the initial
value of the cells incubated with propolis. It had almost no cytotoxic effect
and caused 30, 30, 22 and 12% decrease in cell counts after 24, 48, 72 and
96 h respectively which is statistically significant. In conclusion propolis
may show antitumor and apoptotic effect via inhibiting telomerase expression
besides the mechanisms which have been described previously.
| 22: Int Immunopharmacol. 2005 Oct;5(11):1652-7. |
Effects of
Turkish pollen and propolis extracts on respiratory burst for K-562 cell lines.
Aliyazicioglu Y,
Deger O, Ovali E, Barlak Y, Hosver I, Tekelioglu Y,
Karahan SC.
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty
of Medicine,
Bee-collected pollen and propolis are apicultural products which are composed
of nutritionally valuable substances and contain considerable amounts of polyphenol
substances which may act as potent antioxidants. We wanted to show if respiratory
burst within a cancer cell lines could be influenced when incubated with pollen
and propolis extracts or not. Pollen and propolis extracts at concentrations
of 50, 25, 12.5 and 0 mg/ml were prepared by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). K-562
cell cultures and mononuclear cell (MNC) cultures prepared from a peripheral
blood sample to serve as control cells were incubated with extracts for 24
h. Determination of respiratory burst was carried out by intracellular dichlorofluorescein
(DCFH) test by using flow-cytometric fluorescence analysis. While about 90%
and 66% fluorescence was detected at zero concentrations for both K-562 and
MNC cultures, fluorescence positivity decreased (between 3.8% and 11.8%) as
concentrations of both propolis and pollen extracts increased for K-562 cell
culture, but unchanged (between 20% and 83%) for MNC culture. It was concluded
that pollen and propolis extracts inhibit respiratory burst within cancer
cell lines probably by their antioxidant potentials.
| 23: Exp Lung Res. 2005 Jun;31(5):483-96. |
Oleic acid-induced
lung injury in rats and effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester.
Koksel O, Kaplan MB, Ozdulger A, Tamer L, Degirmenci U,
Cinel L, Basturk M, Kanik A.
Department of Thoracic Surgery,
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (
| 24: Toxicology. 2005 Sep 1;212(2-3):155-64. |
The protective
effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester against cyclosporine A-induced cardiotoxicity
in rats.
Rezzani
R, Giugno
L, Buffoli
B, Bonomini
F, Bianchi
R.
Division of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology,
Cyclosporine A (CsA) is the immunosuppressor, which is most frequently used
in transplant surgery and in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Oxidative
stress has been considered as one of the possible mechanisms of CsA-induced
cardiotoxicity. The present investigation examines the ability of caffeic
acid phenethyl ester (
| 25: Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2006;19(2):90-5. Epub 2005 Jun 13. |
Effects of
caffeic acid phenethyl ester on lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury in
rats.
Koksel O, Ozdulger A, Tamer L, Cinel L, Ercil M, Degirmenci U,
Unlu S, Kanik A.
Department of Thoracic Surgery,
Extracts of propolis, a natural beehive product, have been known for centuries
to have a variety of beneficial medical properties, among which their anti-inflammatory
effect is a major one. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (
| 26: J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2005 Sep 15;39(3-4):455-62. |
Assessment
of the antioxidant activities of Brazilian extracts of propolis alone and
in topical pharmaceutical formulations.
Marquele FD,
Di Mambro VM,
Georgetti SR,
Casagrande R,
Valim YM, Fonseca MJ.
Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto-USP, Av. do
Cafe s/n 14049, 903
The antioxidant activity of extracts of propolis and of formulations added
with these extracts were measured by scavenging different radicals in different
systems. For the ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) and the glycolic extract
of propolis (GEP) the IC50 observed were respectively of 0.024 and 0.035 microL/mL
in scavenging hydroxyl radical, 0.016 and 0.012 microL/mL in inhibiting lipid
peroxidation, 0.22 and 0.24 microL/mL in inhibiting chemiluminescence produced
in the H2O2/luminol/horseradish peroxide (HRP) system and about 0.005 microL/mL
for both extracts in inhibiting chemiluminescence produced in the xanthine/luminol/xanthine
oxidase (XOD) system. The antioxidant activity of extracts of propolis in
the formulations was not able to be assessed neither using the deoxyribose
assay, since the formulation components interfered in the assay measurements,
nor using chemiluminescence in the H2O2/luminol/HRP system, since this method
did not show to be sensitive for the extract of propolis evaluation. However,
the antioxidant activity of extracts of propolis could be successfully evaluated
in the formulations using both lipid peroxidation and chemiluminescence generated
in the xanthine/luminol/XOD system inhibitions.
| 27: Neurosci Lett. 2005 Jul 22-29;383(1-2):39-43. |
The flavanoide
caffeic acid phenethyl ester blocks 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurotoxicity.
Noelker
C, Bacher
M, Gocke
P, Wei
X, Klockgether
T, Du Y, Dodel
R.
Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Wilhelms-University,
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by
progressive loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons of the substantia nigra pars
compacta. 6-Hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) is specific to dopaminergic neurons in
intrastriatal rodent models. It induces neuronal death either via uncoupling
mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation resulting in energy deprivation or
alternatively, is associated with its ability to produce hydrogen peroxide,
hydroxyl and superoxide radicals. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (
| 28: Biochem Pharmacol. 2005 Jun 15;69(12):1815-27. |
Chrysin induces
G1 phase cell cycle arrest in C6 glioma cells through inducing p21Waf1/Cip1
expression: involvement of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase.
Weng
MS, Ho YS, Lin
JK.
Graduate Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine,
National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei 10018, Taiwan.
Flavonoids are a broadly distributed class of plant pigments, universally
present in plants. They are strong anti-oxidants that can inhibit carcinogenesis
in rodents. Chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone) is a natural and biologically active
compound extracted from many plants, honey, and propolis. It possesses potent
anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant properties, promotes cell death, and perturbing
cell cycle progression. However, the mechanism by which chrysin inhibits cancer
cell growth remains poorly understood. Therefore, we developed an interest
in the relationship between MAPK signaling pathways and cell growth inhibition
after chrysin treatment in rat C6 glioma cells. Cell viability assay and flow
cytometric analysis suggested that chrysin exhibited a dose-dependent and
time-dependent ability to block rat C6 glioma cell line cell cycle progression
at the G1 phase. Western blotting analysis showed that the levels of Rb phosphorylation
in C6 glioma cells exposed to 30 microM chrysin for 24h decreased significantly.
We demonstrated the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p21(Waf1/Cip1),
to be significantly increased, but the p53 protein level did not change in
chrysin-treated cells. Both cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) and 4 (CDK4)
kinase activities were reduced by chrysin in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore,
chrysin also inhibited proteasome activity. We further showed that chrysin
induced p38-MAPK activation, and using a specific p38-MAPK inhibitor, SB203580,
attenuated chrysin-induced p21(Waf1/Cip1) expression. These results suggest
that chrysin exerts its growth-inhibitory effects either through activating
p38-MAPK leading to the accumulation of p21(Waf1/Cip1) protein or mediating
the inhibition of proteasome activity.
PMID: 15869744 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 29: J Ethnopharmacol. 2005 Apr 26;98(3):301-5. |
Effect of
propolis, some isolated compounds and its source plant on antibody production.
Sforcin
JM, Orsi
RO, Bankova
V.
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biosciences Institute, UNESP, 18618-000
Botucatu, S.P., Brazil.
Propolis is a beehive product with a very complex chemical composition, widely
used in folk medicine because of its several therapeutic activities. Its biological
properties and chemical composition may vary according to the geographic location
and to the different plant sources. The possible mechanism of action of propolis
as well as of its active compounds has been the subject of researchers in
recent years. In this work, first we reported the results of our study on
the seasonal effect of the immunomodulatory action of propolis on antibody
production in bovine serum albumin (BSA)-immunized rats. Then, we compared
the effect of Brazilian and Bulgarian propolis, some isolated compounds and
Baccharis extract on anti-BSA antibody levels. Based on the results, we conclude
that propolis stimulates antibody production, independently of the season
and geographic origin. Caffeic acid, quercetin and Baccharis extract had no
effect on antibody production, although the importance of isolated compounds
is well reported in other biological assays. Propolis action is a consequence
of plant-derived products with synergic effects, while isolated compounds
or extracts from its plant sources had no effect in this assay.
PMID: 15814263 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 30: Biol Pharm Bull. 2005 Apr;28(4):694-700. |
Synergistic
antitumor effect of polyphenolic components of water soluble derivative of
propolis against Ehrlich ascites tumour.
Orsolic
N, Kosalec
I, Basic
I.
Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb,
Croatia.
Effect of two preparation (Croatian and Brazilian) of water-soluble derivative
of propolis (WSDP), caffeic acid, quercetin, chrysin, naringenin (components
present in WSDP) on the development of Ehrlich ascites tumour (EAT) was evaluated.
Test components (50 mg/kg) were given perorally or intraperitoneally 2 h prior
the intraperitonel injection of EAT (2 x 10(6)) cells. It was observed that
all test compounds effectively inhibited tumour growth and the proliferation
of EAT. The volume of ascitic fluid induced by EAT cells and total number
of cells present in the peritoneal cavity was markedly reduced in EAT-bearing
mice treated with test components. In treated mice the number of polymorphonuclear
(PMN) cells in the peritoneal cavity was increased while the number of macrophages
was decreased. The macrophage spreading activity revealed that WSDP and all
test compounds affected the functional state of macrophages increasing their
tumorcidal activity; the effect of WSDP was most pronounced indicating synergistic
effect of components present in WSDP. Antitumor activity of WSDP may be the
result of different specific mechanism(s) of flavonoids present as compared
to individual flavonoid given alone. It is likely that the part of antitumor
efficacy of test components against EAT cells was the results of increased
activity of macrophages.
PMID: 15802812 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 31: Acta Med Croatica. 2004;58(5):373-6. |
[Antioxidative activity
of propolis from Dalmatia (Croatia)]
[Article in Croatian]
Katalinic
V, Radic
S, Ropac
D, Mulic
R, Katalinic
A.
Odjel sanitarne kemije i toksikologije, Institut pomorske medicine HRM, Split,
Hrvatska.
AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the antioxidative activity of
propolis from ecologically clean parts of Dalmatia. METHODS: Phenol concentration
in ethanolic propolis extracts was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu reagent using
gallic acid as the standard. Flavonoid phenolic compounds were analyzed after
precipitation with formaldehyde. The residual non-flavonoid phenolics were
also determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method. By determining the change of peroxide
number (PN), of tiobarbiture acid reactive species (TBARS), and of DPPH-radical
activity, antioxidative efficiency of propolis was tested and compared with
well known and widely used synthetic antioxidants. Values of PN and TBARS
were determined at 60 degrees C in samples of trigyceride substrate (lard)
without and with the addition of antioxidants. Compared was the efficiency
of three antioxidants: propolis (alcoholic extract), vitamin E, and (+)-catechin
in a concentration of 1%. PN was monitored during 50 days. By the method of
Sedlacek, TBARS were measured during 30 days. Antioxidative activity of propolis
extract was also measured in terms of hydrogen donating ability using stable
radical alpha,alpha-diphenyl-beta-picril hidrazyl (DPPH*) and compared with
commercial synthetic antioxidants of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated
hydroxytoluene (BHT), and (+)-cathecin. Inhibition degree of DPPH* was calculated
by the formula of Yen and Duh. RESULTS: Total phenol content, expressed as
gallic acid, in propolis extracts varied from 75.2 to 90.2 g/kg propolis.
The proportion of flavonoids in total phenols ranged from 62% to 65%. Values
of TBARS were not increased only in samples with added propolis. The inhibition
of DPPH-radical by propolis extracts ranged from 93% to 96%, by catechin 95%,
by BHT 49%, and by BHA 64%. Compared to BHT and BHA, propolis extracts showed
greater reducing activity against DPPH-radical. DISCUSSION: The chemical composition
of propolis, and thus its biological activity depend on the plant from which
it has been collected, and on the macro- and microclimatic conditions. Many
compounds in propolis exert antioxidative activity. A belief was expressed
that the biological activity of propolis is very probably based mostly on
its antioxidative efficiency. Dalmatian propolis showed high efficiency in
the prevention of oxidative processes. This could be explained by the high
proportion of polyphenol constituents, especially flavonoids. A very low and
equal degree of increase of PN, as a measure of oxidative processes, was noticed
in the samples of triglyceride substrate with the addition of propolis and
(+)-catechin. The greatest rise of TBARS was measured in the samples of pure
lard. There was no increase of TBARS only in the samples with added propolis.
Propolis and (+)-catechin showed great efficiency in the inhibition of DPPH-radical,
greater than BHT and BHA, which are widely used in food industry. CONCLUSION:
The results indicate that Dalmatian propolis could be an efficient protective
agent against oxidative processes in food. The high antioxidative activity
of propolis, its natural origin, and present knowledge about its biological
properties, make it a very promising nutritional additive for human diet.
PMID: 15756802 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 32: Yakugaku Zasshi. 2005 Mar;125(3):315-21. |
[Xanthine
oxidase inhibitory activity and hypouricemia effect of propolis in rats]
[Article in Japanese]
Yoshizumi
K, Nishioka
N, Tsuji
T.
Fancl Corporation Central Research Laboratory, Yokohama 244-0806, Japan. kayoshizu@fancl.co.jp
The xanthine oxidase (XOD) inhibitory activity of propolis from China and
Brazil was measured. The propolis from both place were seen to have XOD inhibitory
activity. However, a stronger tendency was shown in the propolis from China.
The compounds in each the propolis were measured quantitatively. A great deal
of chrysin, galangin, and caffeic acid phenetyl ester were found in the propolis
from China, an abundance of p-coumaric acid and artepillin C in the propolis
from Brazil. Therefore it was revealed that the propolis compounds are very
different depending on their place of origin. The XOD inhibitory activity
of these five compounds was measured. Caffeic acid phenetyl ester had the
strongest activity, with chrysin and galangin next; p-coumaric acid and artepillin
C showed weak XOD inhibitory activity. We evaluated the hypouricemic effect
of propolis from China on hyperuricemia induced by the uricase inhibitor,
oxonic acid (500 mg/kg p.o., 1 h before the test drugs), and measured plasma
uric acid values in rats. Oral propolis had a hypouricemic effect 2 h after
its administration to oxonate-pretreated rats. These results suggested that
a continuous intake of propolis may be effective for the prevention and the
treatment of gout and hyperuricemia.
PMID: 15738631 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 33: J Ethnopharmacol. 2005 Feb 28;97(2):273-80. Epub 2005 Jan 12. |
Caffeic acid
phenethyl ester protects kidneys against carbon tetrachloride toxicity in
rats.
Ogeturk
M, Kus
I, Colakoglu
N, Zararsiz
I, Ilhan
N, Sarsilmaz
M.
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, 23119 Elazig,
Turkey.
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an active component of propolis produced
by honeybees, exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim
of this study was to investigate possible protective effects of CAPE on carbon
tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced renal damage in rats. A total of 24 animals were
divided into three equal groups: the control rats received pure olive oil
subcutaneously, rats in the second group were injected with CCl4 (0.5 ml/kg,
s.c. in olive oil) and rats in the third group were injected with CCl4 (0.5
ml/kg) plus CAPE (10 micromol/kg, i.p.) every other day for one month. At
the end of the experimental period, the animals were sacrificed and blood
samples were collected. Serum urea and creatinine levels and renal malondialdehyde
(MDA) contents were determined. Histopathological examination of the kidney
was also performed using light microscopic methods. It was found that kidney
MDA levels were increased significantly following CCl4 exposure and this increase
was significantly inhibited by CAPE treatment, while no significant changes
were observed in serum urea and creatinine levels. CCl4 administration alone
also caused histopathologically prominent damage in the kidney compared to
the control group. Glomerular and tubular degeneration, interstitial mononuclear
cell infiltration and fibrosis, and vascular congestion in the peritubular
blood vessels were observed in the renal cortex. With exception of rare vascular
congestions, these histopathological changes were disappeared in rats treated
with CCl4 plus CAPE. In view of the present findings, it is suggested that
CAPE protects kidneys against CCl4 toxicity.
PMID: 15707765 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 34: Int Immunopharmacol. 2005 Feb;5(2):359-68. |
Effects of
Brazilian and Bulgarian propolis on bactericidal activity of macrophages against
Salmonella Typhimurium.
Orsi
RO, Sforcin
JM, Funari
SR, Bankova
V.
Department of Production and Animal Exploration-School of Veterinary Medicine
and Animal Husbandry-UNESP, 18618-000 Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
Propolis has been used in folk medicine since ancient times due to its many
biological properties, such as antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, antioxidant,
immunomodulatory activities, among others. Macrophages play an important role
in the early phase of Salmonella infection. In this work, macrophages were
prestimulated with Brazilian or Bulgarian propolis and subsequently challenged
with Salmonella Typhimurium at different macrophage/bacteria ratio. After
60 min of incubation, cells were harvested with Triton-X to lyse the macrophages.
To assess the bactericidal activity, the number of colony-forming units (CFU)
of S. typhimurium was determined by plating 0.1 mL in Mueller Hinton agar.
After 24 h, CFU were counted, and the percentage of bactericidal activity
was obtained. Propolis from Brazil and Bulgaria enhanced the bactericidal
activity of macrophages, depending on its concentration. Brazilian propolis
seemed to be more efficient than that from Bulgaria, because of their different
chemical composition. In Bulgaria, bees collect the material mainly from the
bud exudate of poplar trees, while in Brazil, Baccharis dracunculifolia DC.
was shown to be the main propolis source. Our data also showed that the increased
bactericidal activity of macrophages involved the participation of oxygen
(H(2)O(2)) and nitrogen (NO) intermediate metabolites.
PMID: 15652765 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 35: Clin Biochem. 2005 Feb;38(2):191-6. |
Effects of
caffeic acid phenethyl ester on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes
in diabetic rat heart.
Okutan
H, Ozcelik
N, Yilmaz
HR, Uz E.
Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Suleyman Demirel University Medical
School, 6 Mart Ataturk C. Istiklal M. Oztunc A., No:1 D:4 32050 Isparta, Turkey.
okutanh@yahoo.com
OBJECTIVES: The risk for cardiovascular disease is significantly high in diabetes
mellitus. Experimental evidence suggests that oxidative stress plays a dominant
role in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester
(CAPE), an active component of propolis, has several biological and pharmacological
properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, antiviral,
and immunomodulatory activities. In light of the antioxidant ability of CAPE,
the effects of CAPE on the antioxidative status of cardiac tissue were investigated
in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. DESIGN AND METHODS: Twenty-six
rats were randomly divided into three groups: group I, control, nondiabetic
rats (n = 9); group II, STZ-induced, untreated diabetic rats (n = 7); and
group III, STZ-induced, CAPE-treated diabetic rats (n = 10). In groups II
and III, diabetes developed 3 days after intraperitoneal (ip) administration
of a single 35 mg kg(-1) dose of STZ. Thereafter, while the rats in group
II received no treatment, the rats in group III began to receive a 10 mumol
kg(-1) ip dose of CAPE per day. After 8 weeks, the levels of malondialdehyde
(MDA) and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and
glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the cardiac tissues of all groups were
analyzed. RESULTS: In untreated diabetic rats, MDA markedly increased in the
cardiac tissue compared with the control rats (P < 0.05). However, MDA
levels were reduced to the control level by CAPE. The activities of SOD and
CAT in the untreated diabetic group and the CAPE-treated diabetic group were
higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05). Rats in the CAPE-treated
diabetic group had reduced activities of SOD and CAT in comparison with the
rats in the untreated diabetic group (P < 0.05). There were no significant
differences in the activity of GSH-Px between the rats in the untreated diabetic
group and the control group. However, the activity of GSH-Px was increased
in CAPE-treated diabetic rats compared with the control and untreated diabetic
rats (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: These results reveal that diabetes mellitus
increases oxidative stress in cardiac tissue and CAPE has an ameliorating
effect on the oxidative stress via its antioxidant property.
PMID: 15642285 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 36: Fitoterapia. 2004 Dec;75(7-8):683-9. |
New polyisoprenylated
benzophenones from Venezuelan propolis.
Trusheva B, Popova M, Naydenski H,
Tsvetkova I,
Gregorio Rodriguez J,
Bankova V.
Institute of Organic Chemistry
with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia,
Bulgaria.
Two new polyisoprenylated benzophenones, 18-ethyloxy-17-hydroxy-17,18-dihydroscrobiculatone
A and 18-ethyloxy-17-hydroxy-17,18-dihydroscrobiculatone B, together with
the known scrobiculatones A and B, were isolated from Venezuelan propolis.
The scrobiculatones A and B showed significant antibacterial activity and
moderate toxicity to Artemia salina nauplii.
PMID: 15567244 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 37: J Agric Food Chem. 2004 Dec 1;52(24):7286-92. |
Antioxidant
activity and constituents of propolis collected in various areas of Korea.
Ahn
MR, Kumazawa
S, Hamasaka
T, Bang
KS, Nakayama
T.
Laboratory of Functional Food Science and COE Program in the 21st Century,
School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada,
Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
Propolis is a resinous substance collected by honeybees from various plant
sources. The composition of propolis depends on time, vegetation, and the
area of collection. This study examined the antioxidant activity of propolis
from various areas of Korea: Chilgok, Cheongju, Geochang, Muju, Pocheon, and
Sangju. Ethanol extracts of propolis (EEP) were prepared and evaluated for
their antioxidant activity by beta-carotene bleaching, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl
free radical scavenging, and 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic
acid) radical cation decolorization assays. Furthermore, the major constituents
in EEP were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis
with a photodiode array and mass spectrometric detection, and each component
was quantitatively analyzed. EEP from Cheongju and Muju had relatively strong
antioxidant activity accompanied by high total polyphenol contents. Propolis
from Cheongju contained large amounts of antioxidative compounds, such as
caffeic acid, kaempferol, and phenethyl caffeate. On the other hand, propolis
from Pocheon had compounds not seen in propolis from other areas.
PMID: 15563208 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 38: Life Sci. 2004 Dec 17;76(5):545-58. |
Chilean propolis:
antioxidant activity and antiproliferative action in human tumor cell lines.
Russo A, Cardile V, Sanchez F, Troncoso N, Vanella A, Garbarino JA.
Department of Biological Chemistry,
Medical Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Catania, v.le A. Doria
6, 95125 Catania-Italy. alrusso@unict.it
Propolis, a natural product derived from plant resins collected by honeybees,
has been used for thousands of years in traditional medicine all over the
world. The composition of the propolis depends upon the vegetation of the
area from where it was collected and on the bee species. In this study, we
investigated the antioxidant activity of a propolis sample, provided by NATURANDES-CHILE,
collected in a temperate region of central Chile. In addition, this natural
compound was tested for its antiproliferative capacity on KB (human mouth
epidermoid carcinoma cells), Caco-2 (colon adenocarcinoma cells) and DU-145
(androgen-insensitive prostate cancer cells) human tumor cell lines. Results
showed that this Chilean propolis sample exhibits interesting biological properties,
correlated with its chemical composition and expressed by its capacity to
scavenge free radicals and to inhibit tumor cell growth.
PMID: 15556167 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 39: Yakugaku Zasshi. 2004 Nov;124(11):847-50. |
[Assessment
of antioxidant activity of natural compound by water- and lipid-soluble antioxidant
factor]
[Article in Japanese]
Usami
E, Kusano
G, Katayose
T, Wachi
H, Seyama
Y.
Chigasaki Municipal Hospital, Chigasaki 253-0042, Japan. kusuri@mqi.biglobe.ne.jp
We evaluated the antioxidant activity of natural compounds in water-soluble
and lipid-soluble phases and found that ferulic acid, quercetin and caffeic
acid showed stronger activity in the water-soluble phase. Various fractions
isolated from Bidens pilosa showed this activity mainly in the water-soluble
phase. Antioxidant activity in the lipid-soluble phase of propolis depended
on the lipophilic extraction.
PMID: 15516812 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 40: Indian J Exp Biol. 2004 Oct;42(10):993-7. |
Effect of propolis
extract on acute carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity.
Shukla
S, Bhadauria
M, Jadon
A.
School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India. dr_sshukla@hotmail.com
Ethanolic extract of propolis was administered to rats intoxicated by carbon
tetrachloride. Administration of bolus dose of CCl4 (1.5 ml/kg, ip) resulted
in elevation of serum transaminases and serum alkaline phosphatase activities.
Levels of hepatic lipid peroxidation were significantly increased. On the
contrary, there was significant decrease in hepatic reduced glutathione level.
The propolis extract (100 and 200 mg/kg, po) exhibited recoupment in both
pre- and post-treatment (prophylactic and curative studies) of biochemical
changes induced by CCl4. The post treatment of 200 mg/kg, po extract showed
most significant hepatoprotective effect. Histopathological studies showed
damage in hepatocytes and disturbed chord arrangement after toxicant administration.
Propolis extract (200 mg/kg, po) was found to be more effective in restoring
CCl4 induced histopathological alterations.
PMID: 15511003 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 41: Oncol Res. 2004;14(9):415-26. |
Resveratrol and
propolis as necrosis or apoptosis inducers in human prostate carcinoma cells.
Scifo
C, Cardile
V, Russo
A, Consoli
R, Vancheri
C, Capasso
F, Vanella
A, Renis
M.
Department of Biological Chemistry, Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Biology,
University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria, 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
Vegetables and fruit help the prevention and the therapy of several kinds
of cancer because they contain micronutrients, a class of substances that
have been shown to exhibit chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic activities.
In the present study the effects of resveratrol (100 and 200 microM), a phytoalexin
found in grapes, and of the ethanolic extract of propolis (50 and 100 microg/ml),
a natural honeybee hive product, were tested in androgen-resistant prostate
cancer cells (DU145), a cell line resembling the last stage of prostate carcinoma.
A comparison between the activity of these micronutrients and vinorelbine
bitartrate (Navelbine), a semi-synthetic drug normally used in the therapy
of prostate cancer, was conducted. Several biochemical parameters were tested,
such as cell viability (MTT assay), cell membrane integrity (lactate dehydrogenase
release), cell redox status (nitric oxide formation, reactive oxygen species
production, reduced glutathione levels), genomic DNA fragmentation (COMET
assay) with special attention on the presence of apoptotic DNA damage (TUNEL
test), and possible mitochondrial transmembrane potential alteration (deltapsi).
Our results point out the anticancer activity of resveratrol and propolis
extract in human prostate cancer, exerting their cytotoxicity through two
different types of cell death: necrosis and apoptosis, respectively. The data
obtained suggest the possible use of these micronutrients both in alternative
to classic chemotherapy, and in combination with very low dosage of vinorelbine
(5 microM).
PMID: 15490973 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 42: Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2004 Sep 1;1(2):175-185. |
Comparison
of Radical Scavenging Activity, Cytotoxic Effects and Apoptosis Induction
in Human Melanoma Cells by Taiwanese Propolis from Different Sources.
Chen
CN, Weng
MS, Wu CL, Lin
JK.
Graduate Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine,
National Taiwan University, Section 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
Propolis is a sticky substance that is collected from plants by honeybees.
We previously demonstrated that propolins A, B, C, D, E and F, isolated from
Taiwanese propolis (TP), could effectively induce human melanoma cell apoptosis
and were strong antioxidant agents. In this study, we evaluated TP for free
radical scavenging activity by DPPH (1,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl). The phenolic
concentrations were quantified by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The apoptosis
trigger activity in human melanoma cells was evaluated. TP contained a higher
level of phenolic compounds and showed strong capability to scavenge free
radicals. Additionally, TP1g, TP3, TP4 and TP7 exhibited a cytotoxic effect
on human melanoma cells, with an IC(50) of approximately 2.3, 2.0, 3.3 and
3.3 mug/ml, respectively. Flow cytometric analysis for DNA fragmentation indicated
that TP1g, TP2, TP3 and TP7 could induce apoptosis in human melanoma cells
and there is a marked loss of cells from the G2/M phase of the cell cycle.
To address the mechanism of the apoptosis effect of TP, we evaluated its effects
on induction of apoptosis-related proteins in human melanoma cells. The levels
of procaspase-3 and PARP [poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase] were markedly decreased.
Furthermore, propolins A, B, C, D, E and F in TP were determined using HPLC.
The results indicate that TP is a rich source of these compounds. The findings
suggest that TP induces apoptosis in human melanoma cells due to its high
level of propolins.
PMID: 15480443 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
| 43: Cell Biochem Funct. 2004 Sep-Oct;22(5):287-90. |
The effects
of the caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on erythrocyte membrane damage
after hind limb ischaemia-reperfusion.
Tamer L, Sucu N, Ercan B, Unlu A, Calikoglu M,
Bilgin R, Degirmenci U,
Atik U.
Department of Biochemistry, Medical
Faculty, Mersin University, 33079 Mersin, Turkey. lutamer@yahoo.com
Reactive oxygen species have been implicated in pathogenesis injury after
ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R). Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE), an active
component of honeybee propolis extract, exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory
properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of CAPE on
erythrocyte membrane damage after hind limb I/R. Rats were divided into two
groups: I/R and I/R with CAPE pre-treatment. They were anaesthetized with
intramuscular ketamine 100 mg kg(-1). A 4-h I/R period was performed on the
right hind limb of all animals. In the CAPE-treated group, animals received
CAPE 10 microm by intraperitoneal injection 1 h before the reperfusion. At
the end of the reperfusion period, a midsternotomy was performed. A 5-ml blood
sample was withdrawn from the ascending aorta for biochemical assays. Serum
and erythrocyte membrane MDA levels were significantly lower in the CAPE-treated
group when compared to the I/R group ( p = 0.001 and p<0.001, respectively).
Erythrocyte membrane Na(+)-K(+) ATPases activity in the CAPE-treated group
was significantly higher than the I/R group ( p<0.001). In conclusion,
CAPE seems to be effective in protecting against oxidative stress. Therefore,
we suggest that in order to decrease I/R injury, pre-administration of CAPE
may be a promising agent for a variety of conditions associated with I/R.
PMID: 15338467 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 44: J Chemother. 2004 Aug;16(4):381-7. |
Caffeic acid phenethyl
ester ameliorated ototoxicity induced by cisplatin in rats.
Kizilay A, Kalcioglu MT,
Ozerol E, Iraz M, Gulec M, Akyol O, Ozturan O.
Department of Otorhinolaryngology,
Inonu University Medical School, Malatya, Turkey. akizilay@inonu.edu.tr
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an active component of propolis, exhibits
antioxidant properties. This experimental study was designed to determine
the effect of CAPE on ototoxicity induced with cisplatin. Twenty-four adult
Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups: cisplatin (n=6), saline
(n=6), CAPE (n=6), and cisplatin plus CAPE (n=6). Rats were tested before
and 5 days after cisplatin treatment with or without chemo protection. The
Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions (DPOAEs) were elicited from the control
and experimental animals utilizing the standard commercial Otoacoustic Emission
(OAEs) apparatus. The animals in all groups were sacrificed under general
anesthesia on the fifth day following last OAE measurements. For biochemical
investigations, the blood samples were drawn from inferior vena cava. On day
0, the initial baseline DPOAEs measurement results presented similar values
while comparing the groups in drug free phase (p>0.05). On day 5, intrasubject
measurement parameters of DPgrams and I/O functions of cisplatin group were
significantly deteriorated (p<0.05). The second measurements of the other
groups revealed no significant differences between their DPgrams and I/O functions
in all frequencies (p>0.05). Among the biochemical parameters, plasma xanthine
oxidase (XO) activity was found to be more elevated in the cisplatin group
than the saline group (p<0.05). CAPE led to more decreased XO activity
than cisplatin (p<0.05). The results of this study show that prophylactic
administration of CAPE for cisplatin ototoxicity ameliorated hearing deterioration
in rats.
PMID: 15332714 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 45: Clin Biochem. 2004 Aug;37(8):702-5. |
Reduction
of ischemia--reperfusion induced myocardial infarct size in rats by caffeic
acid phenethyl ester (CAPE).
Ozer
MK, Parlakpinar
H, Acet
A.
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya,
Turkey. mkozer1971@yahoo.com
Myocardial ischemia--reperfusion (MI/R) represents a clinically relevant problem
associated with thrombolysis, angioplasty, and coronary bypass surgery. MI/R
injury is known to occur on restoration of coronary flow after a period of
myocardial ischemia. Injury of myocardium caused by I/R includes cardiac contractile
dysfunction, arrhythmias, as well as irreversible myocyte damage. Prevention
of myocardial death in acute coronary syndromes is the immediate goal of therapy.
The main factor concerned with the experimental generation of reperfusion
damage is oxygen-derived free radicals. This MI/R injury has been shown to
be salvaged by supplementing antioxidants to diseased hearts. Caffeic acid
phenethyl ester (CAPE), an active component of propolis extract, has antioxidant
and anti-inflammatory properties, and may function in cardiac protection against
I/R-induced damage. To test this hypothesis, we randomly assigned 14 male
Wistar rats for necrosis experiments. To produce myocardial necrosis, the
left main coronary artery was occluded for 30 min, followed by 120 min of
reperfusion in anesthetized rats. CAPE (50 microM kg-1) was given intravenously
10 min before occlusion and continued during ischemia by infusion pump. The
volume of infarct and the risk zone was determined by planimentry of each
tracing and multiplying by the slice thickness. Infarct was normalized by
expressing it as a percentage of the area at risk. Compared to control group,
CAPE administration statistically reduced the myocardial infarct size/area
of risk zone (50 +/- 4% and 32 +/- 6%, respectively) and the myocardial infarct
size (23 +/- 3% and 9 +/- 4%, respectively) in rat model of ischemia-reperfusion.
In conclusion, this result shows that CAPE is important in reducing I/R-induced
myocardial damage.
PMID: 15302615 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 46: Nahrung. 2004 Jun;48(3):226-9. |
Preparation and
functional properties of extracts from bee bread.
Nagai
T, Nagashima
T, Myoda
T, Inoue
R.
Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Agriculture,
Hokkaido 0992493, Japan. t1nagai@seibutu.bioindustry.nodai.ac.jp
Three extracts, namely hot-water fraction (HWF), water-soluble fraction (WSF),
and ethanol-soluble fraction (ESF), were prepared from fresh bee bread imported
from Lithuania. The protein and total phenolic contents of these samples were
very high. Among them, WSF at 100% concentration showed the highest antioxidative
ability and scavenging ability. On the other hand, ESF at 10% concentration
possessed the highest ability against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)
and hydroxyl radicals. Bee bread will apply more and more as health food and
medicine due to its functional properties such as antioxidative ability and
scavenging activities of reactive oxygen species.
PMID: 15285117 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 47: Free Radic Biol Med. 2004 Aug 1;37(3):386-94. |
Protective
effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester against experimental allergic encephalomyelitis-induced
oxidative stress in rats.
Ilhan A, Akyol O, Gurel A, Armutcu F, Iraz M, Oztas E.
Department of Neurology, Inonu
University, Turgut Ozal Medical Center, Malatya, Turkey. ailhan@inonu.edu.tr
Because oxidative damage has been known to be involved in inflammatory and
autoimmune-mediated tissue destruction, modulation of oxygen free radical
production represents a new approach to the treatment of inflammatory and
autoimmune diseases. Central nervous system tissue is particularly vulnerable
to oxidative damage, suggesting that oxidation plays an important role in
the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental
autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an
active component of honeybee propolis, has been determined to have antioxidant,
anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and anticancer activities. We have previously
reported that CAPE inhibits ischemia-reperfusion injury and oxidative stress
in rabbit spinal cord tissue. The present study, therefore, examined effects
of CAPE on oxidative tissue damage in EAE in rats. Treatment with CAPE significantly
inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) production induced by EAE, and ameliorated
clinical symptoms in rats. These results suggest that CAPE may exert its anti-inflammatory
effect by inhibiting ROS production at the transcriptional level through the
suppression of nuclear factor kappaB activation, and by directly inhibiting
the catalytic activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase.
PMID: 15223072 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 48: Arch Biochem Biophys. 2004 Apr 15;424(2):181-8. |
Antioxidative
bioavailability of artepillin C in Brazilian propolis.
Shimizu
K, Ashida
H, Matsuura
Y, Kanazawa
K.
Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kobe
University, Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
Propolis has strong antioxidative activity. We investigated here whether this
activity was available in intestinal Caco-2 and hepatic HepG2 cells. Phenolics
in Brazilian propolis, extracted with ethyl acetate after the removal of resin
and wax with 90% methanol, included artepillin C at 21 mmol/100 g, p-coumaric
acid and cinnamic acid relatives 24mmol, kaempferol and its derivatives 9.4
mmol, naringenin 2.8 mmol, isosakuranetin 0.9 mmol, chrysin at 0.8 mmol/100
g, and several minor components. When the extract was added to the apical
side of Caco-2 monolayers, artepillin C was specifically incorporated into
the cells and released to the basolateral side mostly without conjugation.
Then, artepillin C was added to HepG2 cells and exposed to reactive oxygens.
Artepillin C prevented oxidative damage dose-dependently, and suppressed lipid
peroxidation evaluated with thiobarbituric acid reactive substances by 16%
and the formation of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine in DNA by 36% at a concentration
of 20microM. Artepillin C is a bioavailable antioxidant.
PMID: 15047190 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 49: J Biol Chem. 2004 Jun 25;279(26):26885-92. Epub 2004 Mar 23. |
Stimulatory
actions of caffeic acid phenethyl ester, a known inhibitor of NF-kappaB activation,
on Ca2+-activated K+ current in pituitary GH3 cells.
Lin
MW, Yang
SR, Huang
MH, Wu SN.
Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng-Kung University Medical
College, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a phenolic antioxidant derived from the
propolis of honeybee hives, is known to be an inhibitor of activation of nuclear
transcript factor NF-kappaB. Its effects on ion currents have been investigated
in pituitary GH(3) cells. This compound increased Ca(2+)-activated K(+) current
(I(K(Ca))) in a concentration-dependent manner with an EC(50) value of 14
+/- 2 microm. However, the magnitude of CAPE-induced stimulation of I(K(Ca))
was attenuated in GH(3) cells preincubated with 2,2'-azo-bis-(2-amidinopropane)
hydrochloride (100 microm) or t-butyl hydroperoxide (
| 50: Toxicology. 2004 Mar 1;196(1-2):87-93. |
Antioxidative
natural product protect against econazole-induced liver injuries.
Liu
CF, Lin
CH, Lin
CC, Lin
YH, Chen
CF, Lin
CK, Lin
SC.
National Taipei College of Nursing, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
The study objective of this research is in order to investigate the hepatoprotective
and therapeutic effects of propolis ethanol extract (PEE) on acute econazole-induced
liver injury. Positive control of various concentrations of PEE on liver function
and the dose-response relationship of liver injury induced by various doses
of econazole were firstly observed from biochemical assay of serum level of
aspartate transaminase (SGOT) and serum alanine transaminase (SGPT) and histopathological
microscopic examination. The hepatoprotective effects of various concentration
of PEE on liver damage induced by hepatotoxic dose (300 mg/kg) of econazole
were observed by the obvious decrement of SGOT and SGPT level and further
confirmed by hepatohistological microscopic examination. The inhibitory effects
of PEE on FeCl(2)-induced (in vitro) or econazole-induced (in vivo) lipid
peroxidation were investigated from the measurement of the formed malonic
dialdehyde (MDA) level in the rat liver homogenate. The IC(50) (microM) of
various concentrations of PEE in the superoxide scavenging activity in econazole
(300 mg/kg)-damaged rat liver homogenate were assessed by cytochrome c reduction
method and compared with that of (+)-alpha-tocopherol. It could be postulated
that the hepatoprotective effect of PEE may be, at least in part, due to their
inhibitory ability on membrane lipid peroxidation and free radical formation
or due to their free radical scavenging ability.
PMID: 15036759 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 51: Burns. 2004 Mar;30(2):121-5. |
The effect
of CAPE on lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide levels in the plasma of rats
following thermal injury.
Hosnuter
M, Gurel
A, Babuccu
O, Armutcu
F, Kargi
E, Isikdemir
A.
Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Zonguldak Karaelmas University
School of Medicine, Kozlu-Zonguldak 67600, Turkey. hosnuter@karaelmas.edu.tr
Both experimental and clinical studies have shown that oxygen-derived free
radicals rise in the plasma after thermal injury and participate in the pathogenesis
of tissue damage. Hence, various antioxidant molecules have been used in treatment
of burn injury both experimentally and clinically. Caffeic acid phenethyl
ester (CAPE), an active component of propolis from honeybee hives, is known
to have potent antioxidant property. The purpose of the present study was
to investigate the effects of CAPE on oxidative stress in plasma of burned
rats. Experiment was designed in three groups of rats with 20% full-thickness
burn: (a) sham burn (n = 7); (b) burn only (n = 22); (c) burn + treatment
with CAPE (n = 22). Plasma levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO)
and the activities of xanthine oxidase (XO), and superoxide dismutase (SOD)
were used as both bio-indicators of oxidant status and determinant of antioxidant
effect of CAPE. They were assessed by biochemical methods at 1st, 3rd, 7th,
and 14th post-burn days. In conclusion, CAPE was shown to possess antioxidant
activity by saving SOD activity, preventing XO activity and decreasing the
levels of MDA, and NO. Our study showed that CAPE may be beneficial in burn
injury.
PMID: 15019118 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 52: Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2004 Mar;158(3):222-4. |
Comment on:
· Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2004 Mar;158(3):217-21.
Can an herbal preparation
of echinacea, propolis, and vitamin C reduce respiratory illnesses in children?
Sangvai
S, Chianese
J, Morone
N, Bogen
DL, Voigt
L, Shaikh
N.
General Academic Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA 15213,
USA. shilpa.sangvai@chp.edu
Publication Types:
· Comment
PMID: 14993079 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 53: Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2004 Mar;158(3):217-21. |
Comment in:
· Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2004 Mar;158(3):222-4.
Effectiveness of
an herbal preparation containing echinacea, propolis, and vitamin C in preventing
respiratory tract infections in children: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled,
multicenter study.
Cohen HA, Varsano I, Kahan E, Sarrell EM, Uziel Y.
Pediatric and Adolescent Ambulatory
Community Clinic, Petach Tikva, Israel. hermanc@post.tau.ac.il
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of a preparation containing
echinacea, propolis, and vitamin C in the prevention of respiratory tract
infections in children during a 12-week winter period. DESIGN: Randomized,
double-blind, placebo-controlled study. SUBJECTS: Four hundred thirty children,
aged 1 to 5 years, were randomized to an herbal extract preparation (n = 215)
or a placebo elixir (n = 215). INTERVENTION: Administration of an herbal preparation
(Chizukit) containing 50 mg/mL of echinacea, 50 mg/mL of propolis, and 10
mg/mL of vitamin C, or placebo (5.0 mL and 7.5 mL twice daily for ages 1 to
3 years and 4 to 5 years, respectively) for 12 weeks. RESULTS: Significant
mean +/- SD reductions of illnesses were seen in the Chizukit group in the
number of illness episodes, 138 vs 308 (55% reduction); number of episodes
per child, 0.9 +/- 1.1 vs 1.8 +/- 1.3 (50% reduction, P<.001); and number
of days with fever per child, 2.1 +/- 2.9 vs 5.4 +/- 4.4) (62% reduction,
P<.001). The total number of illness days and duration of individual episodes
were also significantly lower in the Chizukit group. Adverse drug reactions
were rare, mild, and transient. CONCLUSION: A preventive effect of a product
containing echinacea, propolis, and vitamin C on the incidence of respiratory
tract infections was observed.
Publication Types:
PMID: 14993078 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 54: Bioresour Technol. 2004 May;93(1):43-8. |
Screening
of poplar biomass for bio-active compounds: a simple method to assess antioxidant
activity.
Warnant
P, Mertens
P, Marche
C.
ISI, rue St. Victor 3, B-4500 Huy, Belgium. paul.warnant@infonie.be
Poplar bud resinoids are a potential source of natural antioxidants. As poplar
culture today involves many hybrids, a simple screening test to assess antioxidant
properties was proposed. This method used the second derivative of the UV
spectra at 233 nm of the iron induced peroxidienes resulting from linoleic
acid peroxidation. Kinetic data showed a lag period followed by a quadratic
increase in peroxidienes. These two phases were more clearly separated using
the square root of the data. An acceptable linear fitting of the length of
the lag phase with antioxidant concentration was observed. Calibrating the
experimental test with BHA therefore allowed an antioxidant assessment as
"BHA equivalent". First results clustered well with taxonomic data,
with typically 0.5, 0.15 and 0.08 "BHA equivalent" for P. nigra,
P. X euramericana and P. X interamericana, respectively.
PMID: 14987719 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 55: J Med Food. 2003 Winter;6(4):387-90. |
Effects of
chrysin on urinary testosterone levels in human males.
Gambelunghe
C, Rossi
R, Sommavilla
M, Ferranti
C, Rossi
R, Ciculi
C, Gizzi
S, Micheletti
A, Rufini
S.
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Sports Medicine-Laboratorio
delle Attivita Motorie e Sportive, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
labsport@unipg.it
The equilibrium of sexual hormones in both sexes is controlled in vertebrates
by the enzyme aromatase, a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily, which
catalyzes the conversion of androstenedione and testosterone into estrone
and estradiol, respectively. Flavonoids are diphenolic compounds present in
whole grains, legumes, fruits, and vegetables that are strongly implicated
as protective in coronary heart disease, stroke, and cancer. One flavonoid,
chrysin, found in high concentrations in honey and propolis, has been shown
to be an inhibitor of aromatase enzyme activity. These foods are often used
as supplements, particulary by sportsmen for their energetic and antioxidant
properties. The aim of this study was to verify if daily treatment for 21
days with propolis and honey, containing chrysin, would modify urinary concentrations
of testosterone in volunteer male subjects. In fact, aromatase inhibition
by chrysin could block the conversion of androgens into estrogens with a consequent
increase of testosterone, eventually measurable in urine samples. The obtained
data did not show alterations of the levels of testosterone in the volunteers
after 7, 14, and 21 days of treatment in comparison with baseline values and
compared with measurements on the control subjects at the same time. In conclusion,
the use of these foods for 21 days at the doses usually taken as oral supplementation
does not have effects on the equilibrium of testosterone in human males.
PMID: 14977449 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 56: Mol Divers. 2004;8(1):21-33. |
Creating
molecular diversity from antioxidants in Brazilian propolis. Combination of
TOPS-MODE QSAR and virtual structure generation.
Estrada
E, Quincoces
JA, Patlewicz
G.
Safety, and Environmental Assurance Centre (SEAC), Unilever Colworth, Sharnbrook,
Bedford, UK. estrada66@yahoo.com
A QSAR model for antioxidative activity based on the Sub-Structural Molecular
Design (TOPS-MODE) approach is developed for a series of compounds present
in Brazilian propolis. This approach permitted the structural interpretation
of the antioxidative activity of these compounds in terms of bond contributions.
By these means we have identified the structural groups and regions that contribute
to the antioxidative activity of the cinnamic acid and flavonoid derivatives
present in the propolis. These results were then used to identify the positions
and substituents to be used in a virtual compound generation experiment. Using
this approach a total of 327 compounds were generated from which more than
70 are predicted to be more active than the most powerful antioxidants in
the Brazilian propolis. From these 70 compounds less than 20 have been reported
in the literature. Consequently, a high proportion of novel compounds with
potential antioxidative activity has been identified by the current approach.
This contributes to enhance the molecular diversity of the analogues of Brazilian
propolis compounds with antioxidative properties.
PMID: 14964785 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 57: Acta Pharm. 2003 Dec;53(4):275-85. |
Analysis of propolis
from the continental and Adriatic regions of Croatia.
Kosalec
I, Bakmaz
M, Pepeljnjak
S.
Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University
of Zagreb, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia. ivan.kosalec@zg.htnet.hr
Thin-layer chromatography of ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) from the
continental and Adriatic regions of Croatia showed that 72.2% of propolis
samples contain galangin, 88.8% of samples contain kaempferol, naringenin
and apigenin and 66.6% of samples contain caffeic acid. Caffeic acid, pinocembrin,
galangin, chrysin and naringenin were analyzed by HPLC. In all samples, pinocembrin
was the dominant flavonoid. In samples from the Adriatic region, concentration
of pinocembrin ranged from 0.03 to 6.14% (x = 2.87%) and in the continental
region samples from 0 to 4.74% (x = 2.84%). Chrysin was found in all propolis
samples in a concentration ranging from 0.22 to 5.32% (x = 1.86%) in the continental
region samples and from 0.03 to 3.64% (x = 1.96%) in samples from the Adriatic
region. Chrysin was followed by naringenin, ranging from 0 to 1.14% (x = 0.42%)
in samples from the Adriatic region and from 0.22 to 2.41% (x = 0.60%) in
the continental region samples. Concentration of caffeic acid ranged from
0 to 10.11% (x = 2.69%) in the Adriatic region samples and from 0.27 to 2.67%
(x = 1.37%) in samples from the continental region of Croatia. Results of
HPLC analyses suggest that propolis samples collected from various parts of
Croatia do not differ markedly in contents of chrysin, pinocembrin, naringenin
and galangin but differ in the concentration of caffeic acid. All EEPs significantly
inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis in comparison with the control (80%
ethanol) (p < 0.05), showing inhibition zones of 16 +/-
| 58: J Appl Toxicol. 2004 Jan-Feb;24(1):27-35. |
Role of caffeic
acid phenethyl ester, an active component of propolis, against cisplatin-induced
nephrotoxicity in rats.
Ozen S, Akyol O, Iraz M, Sogut S, Ozugurlu F, Ozyurt H, Odaci E, Yildirim Z.
Department of Pathology, Yuzuncu
Yil University Medical School, Van, Turkey.
We have investigated the effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on
cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Administration of a single dose
of cisplatin resulted in the elevation of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine
in serum, as well as nitric oxide in kidney tissue of rats. Cisplatin also
caused reduction of catalase (P < 0.0001), superoxide dismutase (P = 0.149)
and glutathrone peroxidase (P < 0.0001) activities in kidney tissue. Although
cisplatin caused elevation in malondialdehyde levels and myeloperoxidase activities
in kidney tissue, they were not statistically significant. Caffeic acid phenethyl
ester was found to be protective against cisplatin-induced antioxidant enzyme
reductions. Treatment with free-radical scavenger CAPE attenuated the increase
in plasma blood urea nitrogen and kidney nitric oxide levels, and showed histopathological
protection against cisplatin-induced acute renal failure. Extensive epithelial
cell vacuolization, swelling, desquamation and necrosis were observed in the
kidney of the cisplatin-treated rat. There were also larger tubular lumens
in cisplatin-treated rats than those of the control and the CAPE groups. Caffeic
acid phenethyl ester caused a marked reduction in the extent of tubular damage.
It is concluded that administration of cisplatin imposes an oxidative stress
to renal tissue and CAPE confers protection against the oxidative damage associated
with cisplatin. This mechanism may be attributed to its free-oxygen-radical
scavenging activity. Copyright 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PMID: 14745844 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 59: Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2004 Jan;68(1):260-2. |
A new prenylated flavonoid
from propolis collected in Okinawa, Japan.
Kumazawa S, Goto H, Hamasaka T, Fukumoto S, Fujimoto T, Nakayama T.
Laboratory of Functional Food Science and COE Program in the 21st Century,
School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka,
Japan. kumazawa@smail.u-shizuoka-ken.ac.jp
The new prenylflavonoid, isonymphaeol-B (1), together with three known compounds,
nymphaeol-A (2), nymphaeol-B (3), and nymphaeol-C (4), were isolated from
propolis collected in Okinawa, the southern-most prefecture of Japan. The
structure of each compound was determined by spectral methods, including mass
spectrometry and 2D NMR. Each compound had 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl
radical-scavenging activity.
PMID: 14745198 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 60: Neurosci Lett. 2004 Jan 30;355(3):231-5. |
Antioxidant propolis
attenuates kainate-induced neurotoxicity via adenosine A1 receptor modulation
in the rat.
Kwon YS, Park DH, Shin EJ, Kwon MS, Ko KH, Kim WK, Jhoo JH, Jhoo WK, Wie MB, Jung BD, Kim HC.
Neurotoxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University,
Chunchon 200-701, South Korea.
We examined the effects of the antioxidant propolis on seizures induced by
kainic acid (KA). Sprague-Dawley rats received propolis (75 and 150 mg/kg,
p.o.) five times at 12 h intervals. KA (10 mg/kg, i.p.) was injected 1 h after
the last propolis treatment. Pretreatment with propolis significantly attenuated
KA-induced seizures and KA-induced increases in hippocampal AP-1 DNA binding
activity in a dose-dependent manner. KA induced increases in the levels of
malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl, and a decrease in the ratio of GSH/GSSG.
These oxidative stresses and neuronal degenerations were significantly attenuated
by pretreatment with propolis. The neuroprotective effects of propolis appeared
to be counteracted by adenosine receptor antagonists [A1 antagonist, 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dimethylxanthine
(25 or 50 microg/kg); A2A antagonist, 1,3,7-trimethyl-8-(3-chlorostyryl)xanthine
(0.5 or 1 mg/kg); and A2B antagonist, alloxazine (1.5 or 3.0 mg/kg)]. However,
this counteraction was most pronounced in the presence of the A1 antagonist.
Our results suggest that the protective effect of propolis against KA-induced
neurotoxic oxidative damage is, at least in part, via adenosine A1 receptor
modulation.
PMID: 14732473 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 61: Biochem Pharmacol. 2004 Jan 1;67(1):53-66. |
Propolin C from propolis
induces apoptosis through activating caspases, Bid and cytochrome c release
in human melanoma cells.
Chen CN, Wu CL, Lin JK.
Graduate Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine,
National Taiwan University, Section 1, Jen-Ai Road, 100, ROC, Taipei, Taiwan.
We had demonstrated that two prenylflavanones, propolin A and propolin B,
isolated and characterized from Taiwanese propolis, induced apoptosis in human
melanoma cells and significantly inhibited xanthine oxidase activity. Here,
we have isolated a third compound called propolin C. The chemical structure
of propolin C has been characterized by NMR and HRMS spectra, and was identical
to nymphaeol-A. However, no biological activities of this compound have ever
been reported. In the present study, propolin C effectively induced a cytotoxic
effect on human melanoma cells, with an IC(50) of about 8.5 microM. DNA flow
cytometric analysis indicated that propolin C actively induced apoptosis in
human melanoma cells and there is a marked loss of cells from the G2/M phase
of the cell cycle. To address the mechanism of the apoptosis effect of propolin
C, we evaluated the effect of propolin C on induction of apoptosis-related
proteins in human melanoma cells. The levels of procaspase-8, Bid, procaspase-3,
and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase were decreased in dose- or time course-dependent
manners. Moreover, propolin C was capable of releasing cytochrome c from mitochondria
to cytosol. The findings suggest that propolin C may activate a mitochondria-mediated
apoptosis pathway. On other hand, propolin C is a potential antioxidant agent
and shows a strong capability to scavenge free radicals and inhibit on xanthine
oxidase activity with IC(50) of about 17.0microM. In conclusion, the isolation
and characterization of propolin C from bee propolis are described for the
first time, and this compound is a powerful inducer of apoptosis in human
melanoma cells.
PMID: 14667928 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 62: Biochem Pharmacol. 2003 Dec 15;66(12):2281-9. |
Involvement of tumor
suppressor protein p53 and p38 MAPK in caffeic acid phenethyl ester-induced
apoptosis of C6 glioma cells.
Lee YJ, Kuo HC, Chu CY, Wang CJ, Lin WC, Tseng TH.
Department of Chemistry, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua,
Taiwan, ROC.
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an active component of propolis, has
many biological and pharmacological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammation,
antiviral action, and anticancer effect. Our previous studies showed that
CAPE exhibited significant cytotoxicity in oral cancer cells. Herein we further
investigated the cytotoxicity potential of CAPE and the mechanism of its action
in C6 glioma cells. The data exhibited that C6 glioma cells underwent internucleosomal
DNA fragmentation 24 hr after the treatment of CAPE (50 microM). The proportion
of C6 glioma cells with hypodiploid nuclei was increased to 24% at 36 hr after
the exposure. Further results showed that CAPE induced the release of cytochrome
c from mitochondria into cytosol, and the activation of CPP32. CAPE application
also enhanced the expression of p53, Bax, and Bak. Finally, the potential
signaling components underlying CAPE induction of apoptosis were elucidated.
We found that CAPE activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERKs)
and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) in C6 glioma cells. More
importantly, p38 kinase formed a complex with p53 after the treatment of CAPE
for 0.5 hr. The expression of p53, phospho-serine 15 of p53, and Bax, and
inactivate form of CPP32 was suppressed by a pretreatment of a specific p38
MAPK inhibitor, SB203580. The resultant data suggest that p38 MAPK mediated
the CAPE-induced p53-dependent apoptosis in C6 glioma cells.
PMID: 14637186 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 63: Org Biomol Chem. 2003 May 7;1(9):1452-4. |
Efficient radical scavenging
ability of artepillin C, a major component of Brazilian propolis, and the
mechanism.
Nakanishi I,
Uto Y, Ohkubo K, Miyazaki K, Yakumaru H, Urano S, Okuda H, Ueda J, Ozawa T, Fukuhara K, Fukuzumi S, Nagasawa H, Hori H, Ikota N.
Redox Regulation Research Group, Research Center for Radiation Safety, National
Institute of Radiological Sciences, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan. nakanis@nirs.go.jp
Hydrogen transfer from artepillin C to cumylperoxyl radical proceeds via one-step
hydrogen atom transfer rather than via electron transfer, the rate constant
of which is comparable to that of (+)-catechin, indicating that artepillin
C can act as an efficient antioxidant.
PMID: 12926271 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 64: Cell Biochem Funct. 2003 Sep;21(3):283-9. |
Effects of caffeic acid
phenethyl ester and alpha-tocopherol on reperfusion injury in rat brain.
Irmak MK, Fadillioglu E,
Sogut S, Erdogan H, Gulec M, Ozer M, Yagmurca M, Gozukara ME.
Department of Histology and Embryology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy,
Ankara, Turkey. mkirmak@gata.edu.tr
Oxygen-derived free radicals have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cerebral
injury after ischaemia-reperfusion. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an
active component of propolis extract, exhibits antioxidant properties. The
purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of ischaemia and
subsequent reperfusion on rat brain and to investigate the effects of two
free radical scavengers, CAPE and alpha-tocopherol, on this in vivo model
of cerebral injury. Ischaemia was induced by bilateral occlusion of the carotid
arteries for 20 min and reperfusion was achieved by releasing the occlusion
to restore the circulation for 20 min. Control rats underwent a sham operation.
CAPE at 10 micromol kg(-1) or alpha-tocopherol at 25 micromol kg(-1) was administered
intraperitoneally before reperfusion. Reperfusion led to significant increase
in the activity of xanthine oxidase and higher malondialdehyde levels in the
brain. Acute administration of both CAPE and alpha-tocopherol suppressed ischaemia-reperfusion-induced
cerebral lipid peroxidation and injury, but CAPE seems to offer a better therapeutic
advantage over alpha-tocopherol. Copyright 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PMID: 12910483 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 65: Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 2003 Jul 23;115(2):111-20. |
Caffeic acid phenethyl
ester (CAPE) prevents inflammatory stress in organotypic hippocampal slice
cultures.
Montpied P, de Bock F, Rondouin G, Niel G, Briant L, Courseau AS,
Lerner-Natoli M,
Bockaert J.
Faculte de Pharmacie, CNRS-UMR 5094, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, 34060 Montpellier
Cedex 2, France. pascale.montpied@ibph.pharma.univ-montp1.fr
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is an antioxidant component of propolis,
a natural product secreted by honeybee. Recent literature shows that CAPE
inhibits nuclear factor kappa B (NFkappaB) activation in cell lines. Since
NFkappaB was shown to be a crucial factor in neuroinflammation and to be associated
with some neuropathologies, CAPE might reduce these disorders in brain too
and have therapeutic applications. To test this hypothesis we used a model
of endotoxic insult (interferon-gamma, followed by lipopolysaccharide) on
rat organotypic hippocampal cultures. Cerebral inflammatory responses were
strongly inhibited by CAPE (100 microM): reductions of NFkappaB nuclear activity,
tumor necrosis factor alpha and nitric oxide productions were observed. At
the dose of maximal effects (100 microM), an increase of cAMP-responsive element
binding protein (CREB) activity, which anti-inflammatory role is well known,
was seen. We compared CAPE effects with those of other drugs: anti-inflammatory
as acetyl-salicylate and dexamethasone (glucocorticoid), antioxidant as pyrrolidine
dithiocarbamate, or selective permeant inhibitor of NFkappaB as SN 50 peptide.
These studies lead us to conclude that CAPE presents an interesting and original
neuropharmacological profile compared to these drugs and might be helpful
in the prevention of neurotoxic events due to excessive inflammatory reaction
in brain. CAPE interferes with several effectors of neuroinflammation that
might have complementary and synergic effects and allows a rather durable
control since an acute treatment at the time of endotoxin exposure allows
to control inflammatory factors for over 48 h.
PMID: 12877982 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 66: J Nat Prod. 2003 Apr;66(4):503-6. |
Cytotoxic prenylflavanones
from Taiwanese propolis.
Chen CN, Wu CL, Shy HS, Lin JK.
Graduate Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine,
National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 1, Jen-ai Road, Taipei, Taiwan
100, Republic of China.
Two new prenylflavanones, propolin A (2) and propolin B (3), were isolated
and characterized from Taiwanese propolis. Both compounds were found to have
cytotoxic properties against three cancer cell lines. DNA content analyses
and DNA fragmentation indicated that propolin A (2) efficiently induced apoptosis
in cancer cell lines, but had no effect on the cell cycle program. Furthermore,
both propolin A (2) and B (3) are potential antioxidant agents and show strong
scavenging effects against most types of free radicals.
PMID: 12713401 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 67: Redox Rep. 2002;7(5):347-50. |
Free radical scavenging
activity of propolis.
Ichikawa H, Satoh K, Tobe T, Yasuda I, Ushio F, Matsumoto K,
Endo K, Ookubo C.
Tokyo Metropolitan Research Laboratory of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan. ichikawa@tokyo-eiken.go.jp
We investigated the radical scavenging activity of propolis by ESR spectroscopy
using spin trapping method. In addition, we examined the influence of a diet
of 2% propolis on mice under oxidative stress. At low concentrations, the
methanolic extract of propolis exhibited strong scavenging activity in vitro
towards both the superoxide anion radical, generated by the hypoxanthine-xanthine
oxidase reaction, and the NO radical, generated from the mixture of NOC-7
(NO generator) and carboxy-PTIO (spin trapping agent). An inhibitory effect
of propolis on lipid peroxidation in vivo was observed, as determined by measurement
of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances in mouse liver homogenate. The
level of vitamin C in the brain of mice under oxidative stress significantly
increased compared with control mice under atmosphere, which was not observed
in the mice given 2% propolis. The level of alpha-tocopherol in the brain
of mice given 2% propolis significantly increased compared with control mice
under atmosphere, which was not observed in mice under oxidative stress. SOD
activity in the brain and plasma of mice given 2% propolis significantly decreased
under atmosphere and oxidative stress compared with control mice. These results
suggest that propolis possesses potent antioxidant activity in vitro and in
vivo.
PMID: 12688527 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 68: Arch Pharm Res. 2003 Jan;26(1):43-6. |
In vivo anti-oxidant activities
of tectochrysin.
Lee S, Kim KS, Park Y, Shin KH, Kim BK.
College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
The anti-oxidant activities of tectochrysin, a major compound of propolis,
were investigated. Tectochrysin exhibited a significant decrease in serum
transaminase activities elevated by hepatic damage induced by CCl4-intoxication
in rats. Tectochrysin tested exhibited a lipid peroxidation causing a significant
decrease in MDA production in TBA-reactant assay. Tectochrysin was strong
in the increase in the anti-oxidant enzymes such as hepatic cytosolic superoxide
dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities in CCl4-intoxicated
rats. These results suggest that tectochrysin possess not only the anti-oxidant,
but also the activities in CCl4-intoxicated rats. Especially, tectochrysin
was found to cause significant increases in the rat liver cytosolic SOD, catalase,
GSH-px activities as well as a significant decrease in the MDA production.
PMID: 12568357 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 69: Fitoterapia. 2002 Nov;73 Suppl 1:S21-9. |
Antioxidant activity
of propolis: role of caffeic acid phenethyl ester and galangin.
Russo A, Longo R, Vanella A.
Department of Biochemistry, Medical Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy. alrusso@mbow.unict.it
Propolis, a natural product produced by the honeybee, has been used for thousands
of years in folk medicine for several purposes. The extract contains amino
acids, phenolic acids, phenolic acid esters, flavonoids, cinnamic acid, terpenes
and caffeic acid. It possesses several biological activities such as antiinflammatory,
immunostimulatory, antiviral and antibacterial. The exact mode of physiological
or biochemical mechanisms responsible for the medical effects, however, is
yet to be determined. In this work, we have investigated the antioxidant activity
of a propolis extract deprived of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE). In
addition, the activity of CAPE and galangin was also examined. Propolis extract
(with and without CAPE) and its active components showed a dose-dependent
free radical scavenging effect, a significant inhibition of xanthine oxidase
activity, and an antilipoperoxidative capacity. Propolis extract with CAPE
was more active than propolis extract without CAPE. CAPE, used alone, exhibited
a strong antioxidant activity, higher than galangin. The experimental evidence,
therefore, suggests that CAPE plays an important role in the antioxidant activity
of propolis.
PMID: 12495706 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 70: Pharmacol Ther. 2002 Nov-Dec;96(2-3):67-202. |
The biochemistry and
medical significance of the flavonoids.
Havsteen BH.
Department of Biochemistry, University of Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 40, D-24098,
Kiel, Germany. benthavs@worldonline.dk
Flavonoids are plant pigments that are synthesised from phenylalanine, generally
display marvelous colors known from flower petals, mostly emit brilliant fluorescence
when they are excited by UV light, and are ubiquitous to green plant cells.
The flavonoids are used by botanists for taxonomical classification. They
regulate plant growth by inhibition of the exocytosis of the auxin indolyl
acetic acid, as well as by induction of gene expression, and they influence
other biological cells in numerous ways. Flavonoids inhibit or kill many bacterial
strains, inhibit important viral enzymes, such as reverse transcriptase and
protease, and destroy some pathogenic protozoans. Yet, their toxicity to animal
cells is low. Flavonoids are major functional components of many herbal and
insect preparations for medical use, e.g., propolis (bee's glue) and honey,
which have been used since ancient times. The daily intake of flavonoids with
normal food, especially fruit and vegetables, is 1-
Publication Types:
· Review
PMID: 12453566 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 71: Am J Chin Med. 2002;30(2-3):245-54. |
Cytoprotection by propolis
ethanol extract of acute absolute ethanol-induced gastric mucosal lesions.
Liu CF, Lin CC, Lin MH, Lin YS, Lin SC.
National Taipei College of Nursing, Taiwan, ROC.
Acute p.o. administration of absolute ethanol (1.0 ml/kg) to fasted rats produced
extensive necrosis of gastric mucosa. Pretreatment with p.o. administration
of propolis ethanol extract (PEE) could effectively and dose-dependently prevent
such necrosis. This protective effect is called "cytoprotection. "The
maximal cytoprotective effect against absolute ethanol (AE)-induced gastric
mucosal lesion was observed 1 hour after PEE administration. A gross examination
of the gastric mucosa showed a marked improvement in groups receiving PEE.
In order to further investigate the gastric protective mechanism of PEE, lipid
peroxidation (LPO) levels in vivo and in vitro were estimated. PEE exhibited
dose-dependent superoxide scavenging activity and antioxidant effects on AE-induced
LPO in rat gastric mucosal homogenates. It was concluded that the gastric
protective mechanism of PEE was due, at least in part, to its ability to inhibit
LPO, and hence indirectly protect the gastric mucosa from oxidative stress.
PMID: 12230013 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 72: Free Radic Res. 2002 Jun;36(6):711-6. |
In vitro antioxidant profile
of phenolic acid derivatives.
Cos P, Rajan P, Vedernikova I,
Calomme M, Pieters L, Vlietinck AJ,
Augustyns K,
Haemers A, Vanden Berghe D.
Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
Several caffeic acid esters isolated from propolis exhibit interesting antioxidant
properties, but their in vivo use is compromised by hydrolysis of the ester
bond in the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, a series of caffeic acid amides
were synthesized and their in vitro antioxidant profile was determined. A
series of hydroxybenzoic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids, and the synthesized
caffeic acid amides were tested for both their 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl
(DPPH) free radical scavenging and microsomal lipid peroxidation-inhibiting
activity. Some of the highly active antioxidants were further tested by means
of electron paramagnetic resonance for their hydroxyl radical scavenging activity.
Since a promising antioxidant compound should show a lipid peroxidation-inhibiting
activity at micromolar level and a low cytotoxicity, the cytotoxicity of the
phenolic compounds was also studied. In all the assays used, the caffeic acid
anilides and the caffeic acid dopamine amide showed an interesting antioxidant
activity.
PMID: 12180197 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 73: Phytother Res. 2002 Jun;16(4):340-7. |
Evaluation of antilipid
peroxidative action of propolis ethanol extract.
Shinohara R,
Ohta Y, Hayashi T, Ikeno T.
Department of Biochemistry, School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University,
Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan.
The antilipid peroxidative action of the ethanol extract of Brazilian propolis
at a concentration of 47% (w/v) was evaluated by examining the inhibitory
effect of the extract on the formation of hydroperoxide- and endoperoxide-type
lipid peroxides during heating of authentic polyunsaturated fatty acids and
on Fe(3+)-ADP/ascorbic acid- and Fe(3+)-ADP/NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation
reactions in rat liver microsomes. Hydroperoxide-type lipid peroxides were
measured by the haemoglobin-methylene blue method and endoperoxide-type lipid
peroxides by the thiobarbituric acid (TBA), Fe(3+)-TBA and LPO-586 methods.
Propolis ethanol extract inhibited dose-dependently the formation of hydroperoxide-
and endoperoxide-type lipid peroxides during heating of linoleic acid, linolenic
acid or arachidonic acid and the amount of the extract causing a half inhibition
of these lipid peroxide formations ranged between 20 and 75 microg. Propolis
ethanol extract inhibited dose-dependently both Fe(3+)-ADP/ascorbic acid-
and Fe(3+)-ADP/NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation reactions in rat liver microsomes
when lipid peroxides produced in both reactions were measured by the TBA method.
The amount of propolis extract causing a half inhibition of the Fe(3+)-ADP/ascorbic
acid-dependent lipid peroxidation was about 5 microg, while that of the extract
causing a half inhibition of the Fe(3+)-ADP/NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation
was about 0.15 microg. These results indicate that the propolis ethanol extract
exerts an antilipid peroxidative action at very low doses. Copyright 2002
John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PMID: 12112290 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 74: Z Naturforsch [C]. 2002 Mar-Apr;57(3-4):395-402. |
Egyptian propolis: 3. Antioxidant,
antimicrobial activities and chemical composition of propolis from reclaimed
lands.
Hegazi AG, Abd El Hady FK.
Department of Parasitology, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
ahmedgaffer@mailer.suc.eun.eg
The free radical scavenging effect of two propolis samples collected from
reclaimed land, Egypt as well as of vitamin C and caffeic acid in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl
(DPPH) free radical system was determined. The antimicrobial (Staphylococcus
aureus; Escherichia coli and Candida albicans) activity was also investigated.
The results of the free radical scavenging effect of El-Saff and Ismailia
propolis showed a concentration-dependent activity. The antioxidant activity
was varied according to the examined material. It was obvious that caffeic
acid and vitamin C showed the highest activity if compared with the propolis
samples. El- Saff propolis had a higher antioxidant activity than Ismailia
propolis, it showed a higher antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus
aureus and a higher anti-fungal activity against Candida albicans. While the
Ismailia propolis had a higher antibacterial activity against Escherichia
coli, than El-Saff propolis. The chemical composition of propolis samples
was investigated by GC/MS, where 75 compounds were identified, 22 being new
for propolis. The Ismailia propolis was characterized by the presence of a
highly significant amount of aromatic acid esters (47.3%) and triterpenoids
(17.3%), while El-Saff propolis contained 3% and 1.9% respectively. The new
esters belonged to 4-methoxyhydrocinnamic acid, hydroferulic acid and ferulic
acid. El-Saff propolis had a very high significant amount (27%) of 2,6-bis-(pentanyloxy)-4-pentanylphenethanol,
which is also a new compound for propolis.
PMID: 12064746 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 75: Z Naturforsch [C]. 2002 Mar-Apr;57(3-4):372-8. |
Polyisoprenylated benzophenones
in cuban propolis; biological activity of nemorosone.
Cuesta-Rubio O,
Frontana-Uribe BA,
Ramirez-Apan T,
Cardenas J.
Instituto de Farmacia y Alimentos, Universidad de la Habana, Cuba.
The Copey tree (Clusia rosea) has a large distribution in Cuba and its floral
resin is a rich source of polyisoprenylated benzophenones. To determine the
presence of these natural products, we carried out a study by HPLC of 21 propolis
samples produced by honey bees (Apis mellifera) from different provinces of
Cuba. Nemorosone resulted to be the most abundant polyisoprenylated benzophenone
and the mixture of xanthochymol and guttiferone E was also observed, but in
minor proportion. We studied the biological activity of the pure natural product
nemorosone and its methyl derivatives. We found that nemorosone has cytotoxic
activity against epitheloid carcinoma (HeLa), epidermoid carcinoma (Hep-2),
prostate cancer (PC-3) and central nervous system cancer (U251). It also exhibited
antioxidant capacity. Methylated nemorosone exhibited less biological activity
than the natural product.
PMID: 12064743 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 76: J Nat Prod. 2002 May;65(5):673-6. |
Constituents of Chinese
propolis and their antiproliferative activities.
Usia T, Banskota AH,
Tezuka Y, Midorikawa K,
Matsushige K,
Kadota S.
Institute of Natural Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University,
2630-Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
Two new flavonoids, 3-O-[(S)-2-methylbutyroyl]pinobanksin (1) and 6-cinnamylchrysin
(2), were isolated from the EtOAc-soluble fraction of the MeOH extract of
Chinese propolis, along with 12 known compounds (3-14). The structures of
the isolated compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical
analyses. The isolated compounds were tested for their antiproliferative activity
toward five different cancer cell lines. Benzyl caffeate (13) and phenethyl
caffeate (14) showed potent antiproliferative activity toward tested cell
lines with a selective activity toward colon 26-L5 carcinoma cell line (EC(50)
values: 13, 1.01; 14, 0.30 microM).
PMID: 12027739 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 77: J Ethnopharmacol. 2002 Apr;80(1):67-73. |
Antiproliferative activity
of the Netherlands propolis and its active principles in cancer cell lines.
Banskota AH,
Nagaoka T, Sumioka LY, Tezuka Y, Awale S, Midorikawa K,
Matsushige K,
Kadota S.
Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Institute of Natural Medicine, Toyama
Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2630-Sugitani, 930-0194, Toyama, Japan.
The MeOH extract of the Netherlands propolis showed promising antiproliferative
activity toward highly liver-metastatic murine colon 26-L5 carcinoma with
an EC(50) value of 3.5 microg/ml. Further, antiproliferative activity-guided
purification of the MeOH extract led us to isolate four flavonoids (1-4),
seven cinnamic acid derivatives (5-11) and two new glycerol derivatives (12,
13), whose structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral analysis. The
isolated compounds were tested for their antiproliferative activity against
murine colon 26-L5, murine B16-BL6 melanoma, human HT-1080 fibrosarcoma and
human lung A549 adenocarcinoma cell lines. The benzyl (9), phenethyl (10)
and cinnamyl caffeates (11) possessed potent antiproliferative activities
with EC(50) values of 0.288, 1.76 and 0.114 microM, respectively, toward colon
26-L5 carcinoma. These caffeates were considered to be active constituents
of the Netherlands propolis in their antiproliferative activity. The antioxidative
activity of these caffeates may play an important role in their antiproliferative
activities.
PMID: 11891088 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 78: Curr Eye Res. 2001 Oct;23(4):291-7. |
Effect of caffeic acid phenethyl
ester on corneal neovascularization in rats.
Totan Y, Aydin E, Cekic O, Cihan Dagloglu M,
Borazan M, Daglioglu K,
Gultek A.
Department of Ophthalmology, Inonu University School of Medicine, Malatya,
Turkey. ytotan@usa.net
PURPOSE: Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a biologically active component
of propolis from honeybee hives, has potent antiinflammatory and antioxidant
properties. We aimed to evaluate the ability of topically applied CAPE in
comparison with known steroidal (dexamethasone sodium phosphate) and nonsteroidal
(indomethacin) topical agents to reduce corneal neovascularization (CNV) induced
by silver nitrate cauterization in rats. METHODS: Following silver nitrate
cauterization on both eyes, male rats were randomly assigned to the study
and control groups, each consisting of ten rats. The inhibitory effects of
the test drugs against a placebo (isotonic saline) on CNV were tested and
compared to each other using a previously described method in which extent
of neovascularization and burn stimulus intensity were scored by a masked
examiner. Briefly, burn stimulus intensity was scored from 0 to +3 according
to the height of blister from corneal surface, and extent of neovascularization
was recorded from 0 to +6 according to the distance from limbus to the end
point of CNV toward the central corneal burn. Results. The mean burn stimulus
score were not different among the groups (P = 0.807). Percent inhibition
of CNV compared to the placebo control and its significance were 31.5 %, P
= 0.011 for indomethacin; 56 %, P < 0.001 for dexamethasone; and 52 %,
P < 0.001 for CAPE. Dexamethasone was significantly (P < 0.05) more
effective than indomethacin in inhibition of neovascular growth. CAPE was
found to be superior (P < 0.05) to indomethacin and almost as effective
as (P > 0.05) dexamethasone in reducing CNV. Conclusion. Topically applied
CAPE was demonstrated to have an inhibitory effect, comparable to that of
topical dexamethasone, on CNV in this rat model. Antiinflammatory and antioxidant
properties of CAPE may contribute to its suppression on CNV.
PMID: 11852431 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 79: Phytother Res. 2001 Nov;15(7):561-71. |
Recent progress in pharmacological
research of propolis.
Banskota AH,
Tezuka Y, Kadota S.
Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Institute of Natural Medicine, Toyama
Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2630-Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
Propolis is a resinous hive product collected by honeybees from various plant
sources. It is a popular folk medicine possessing a broad spectrum of biological
activities. It has also been used as a health drink in various Asian, European
and American countries. Several groups of researchers have focused their attention
on the biological activity of propolis and its active principles. Many scientific
articles are published every year in different international journals related
to the pharmacological properties of propolis. This review article compiles
recent findings (since 1995) on the pharmacological properties of propolis
focusing on its antihepatotoxic, antitumour, antioxidative, antimicrobial
and antiinflammatory properties. The possible mechanism of action of propolis
as well as the active compounds are discussed. Copyright 2001 John Wiley &
Sons, Ltd.
Publication Types:
· Review
PMID: 11746834 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 80: Cell Biochem Funct. 2001 Dec;19(4):259-63. |
Caffeic acid phenethyl
ester changes the indices of oxidative stress in serum of rats with renal
ischaemia-reperfusion injury.
Ozyurt H, Irmak MK, Akyol O, Sogut S.
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya,
Turkey.
Oxygen-derived free radicals have been implicated in the pathogenesis of renal
injury after ischaemia-reperfusion. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an
active component of propolis extract, exhibits antioxidant properties. To
investigate whether treatment with either CAPE or alpha-tocopherol modifies
the levels of the endogenous indices of oxidant stress, we examined their
effects on an in vivo model of renal ischaemia-reperfusion injury in rats.
CAPE at 10 micromol kg(-1) or alpha-tocopherol at 10 mg kg(-1) was administered
intraperitoneally before reperfusion. Acute administration of both CAPE and
alpha-tocopherol altered the indices of oxidative stress differently in renal
ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Copyright 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PMID: 11746206 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 81: Cancer Lett. 2002 Jan 10;175(1):53-61. |
Caffeic acid phenethyl
ester inhibits nitric oxide synthase gene expression and enzyme activity.
Song YS, Park EH, Hur GM, Ryu YS, Lee YS, Lee JY, Kim YM, Jin C.
Bioanalysis and Biotransformation Research Center, Korea Institute of Science
and Technology, P.O. Box 131, Cheongryang, 130-650, Seoul, South Korea.
Since nitric oxide (NO) synthesized by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)
has been known to be involved in inflammatory and autoimmune-mediated tissue
destruction, modulation of NO synthesis or action represents a new approach
to the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Caffeic acid phenethyl
ester (CAPE), an active component of honeybee propolis, has been identified
to show anti-inflammatory, anti-viral and anti-cancer activities. The present
study, therefore, examined effects of CAPE on iNOS expression and activity
of iNOS enzyme itself. Treatment of RAW 264.7 cells with CAPE significantly
inhibited NO production and iNOS protein expression induced by lipopolysaccharide
(LPS) plus interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). CAPE also inhibited iNOS mRNA expression
and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) binding activity in a concentration-dependent
manner. Furthermore, transfection of RAW 264.7 cells with iNOS promoter linked
to a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene, revealed that CAPE inhibited
the iNOS promoter activity induced by LPS plus IFN-gamma through the NF-kappaB
sites of the iNOS promoter. In addition, CAPE directly interfered with the
catalytic activity of murine recombinant iNOS enzyme. These results suggest
that CAPE may exert its anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the iNOS gene
expression at the transcriptional level through the suppression of NF-kappaB
activation, and by directly inhibiting the catalytic activity of iNOS.
PMID: 11734336 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 82: J Agric Food Chem. 2001 Nov;49(11):5615-9. |
Effect of caffeic acid
phenethyl ester, an antioxidant from propolis, on inducing apoptosis in human
leukemic HL-60 cells.
Chen YJ, Shiao MS, Hsu ML, Tsai TH, Wang SY.
Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei,
Taiwan 11221.
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is an active component isolated from propolis.
The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of CAPE-induced apoptosis
in human leukemic HL-60 cells. It was found that CAPE entered HL-60 cells
very quickly and then inhibited their survival in a concentration- and time-dependent
manner. CAPE induced characteristic DNA fragmentation and morphological changes
typical of apoptosis in these cells. Estimation of the apoptotic percentage
showed a time-dependent increase after CAPE (6 microg/mL) treatment (up to
66.7 +/- 2.0% at 72 h). Treatment with CAPE caused rapid activation of caspase-3
after 4 h, down-regulation of Bcl-2 expression after 6 h, and up-regulation
of Bax expression after 16 h. These results suggest that CAPE is a potent
apoptosis-inducing agent; its action is accompanied by activation of caspase-3,
down-regulation of Bcl-2, and up-regulation of Bax in human leukemic HL-60
cells.
PMID: 11714368 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 83: Z Naturforsch [C]. 2001 Jul-Aug;56(7-8):593-6. |
New bioactive chalcones in propolis
from El Salvador.
Popova M, Bankova V, Spassov S, Tsvetkova I,
Naydenski C,
Silva MV, Tsartsarova M.
Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy
of Sciences, Sofia.
2',3'-Dihydroxy-4,4'-dimethoxychalcone (1) and 2',3',4-trihydroxy-4'-methoxy-chalcone,
two new chalcones, were isolated from propolis from El Salvador. The compounds
showed significant antibacterial and antifungal activity and moderate toxicity
to Artemia salina nauplii.
PMID: 11531095 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 84: Urol Res. 2001 Jun;29(3):190-3. |
The effect of caffeic
acid phenethyl ester on ischemia-reperfusion injury in comparison with alpha-tocopherol
in rat kidneys.
Irmak MK, Koltuksuz U,
Kutlu NO, Yagmurca M, Ozyurt H, Karaman A, Akyol O.
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya,
Turkey.
Oxygen-derived free radicals have been implicated in the pathogenesis of renal
injury after ischemia-reperfusion. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an
active component of propolis extract, exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory
properties. To determine whether CAPE offers any advantage over alpha-tocopherol,
we compared their effects on an in vivo model of renal ischemia-reperfusion
injury in rats. CAPE at 10 micromol/kg or alpha-tocopherol at 10 mg/kg was
administered intraperitoneally before reperfusion. Acute administration of
CAPE suppressed ischemia-reperfusion induced renal lipid peroxidation and
tissue injury more than alpha-tocopherol. CAPE may therefore offer a therapeutic
advantage in acute injury settings.
PMID: 11482445 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 85: J Ethnopharmacol. 2001 Jul;76(2):165-70. |
Antioxidant activity
of Argentine propolis extracts.
Isla MI, Nieva Moreno MI,
Sampietro AR,
Vattuone MA.
Catedra de Fitoquimica, Instituto de Estudios Vegetales 'Dr Antonio Rodolfo
Sampietro', Facultad de Bioquimica, Quimica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional
de Tucuman, Ayacucho 471, 4000, San Miguel de Tucuman, Argentina.
Propolis is used in Argentine folk medicine. We have examined its possible
protective action against oxidative modification of lipid in unfractionated
serum. The kinetics of copper-induced oxidation was continuously monitored
by measuring the formation of conjugated dienes, as the increase in the absorbance
at 234 nm. According to the kinetics of oxidation, the propolis were classified
in three different groups. Group I (CE, CO, BO, MO, BE) inhibited lipid oxidation
during the initiation and propagation phases even at low concentrations. Group
II (SP, CA, AM) increased the lag-phase for conjugated diene formation. All
propolis in groups I and II diminished the maximal rate of diene production
and the maximal amount of dienes produced. Group III (PA, RA, FE, VR, TV)
had no effect on the lipid oxidation. The extent of lipoprotein oxidation
was measured by the thiobarbituric acid reactive substance assay. Generation
of malondialdehyde-like substances was inhibited and delayed by the presence
of propolis extracts from group I and II. Our results justify the use of propolis
(groups I and II) as a source of natural antioxidants.
PMID: 11390131 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 86: Am J Contact Dermat. 2001 Jun;12(2):93-102. |
Contact allergy to balsam
of Peru. II. Patch test results in 102 patients with selected balsam of Peru
constituents.
Hausen BM.
Dermatologisches Zentrum Buxtehude, Germany.
BACKGROUND: In Switzerland, Germany, and Austria, allergic reactions to balsam
of Peru (BP) have now made it the third most common contact allergen. OBJECTIVE:
A series of 20 single BP constituents (including resorcinol monobenzoate),
established in 1995, was used for patch tests in patients with a positive
reaction to BP in the standard series. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 1995
and 1998, 2,273 patients were tested with the standard series, including BP,
fragrance mix (FM), and propolis. Patients positive for BP were requested
to participate in a further test using the 19 compounds of the BP constituents
and resorcin monobenzoate (BP series); 102 patients agreed and were patch
tested. The results of the 72-hour reading were used for the evaluation. RESULTS:
A total of 93 patients reacted to 1 or more of the BP series compounds. Positive
reactions were seen, in decreasing order, to cinnamic alcohol, cinnamic acid,
coniferyl benzoate, benzoic acid, cinnamyl cinnamate, eugenol, resorcinol
monobenzoate, coniferyl alcohol, and benzyl alcohol. There were no positive
reactions to vanillin or ferulic acid. A correlation between skin lesions
and frequent consumption of sweets was found in 7 patients with major positive
test reactions to coniferyl benzoate and benzyl alcohol. Most of the reactions
to eugenol and isoeugenol had less to do with BP itself than with a primary
sensitization to fragrances. Although resorcin monobenzoate (RMB) has up to
now not been detected in BP, 16 patients reacted distinctly to this compound.
Eleven were strong smokers; the remaining ones had contact with plastic materials
that have been reported to contain RMB. RMB is used frequently as an antioxidant
in synthetic material. When these patients stopped smoking, the skin lesions
cleared. However, consumption of sweets caused recurrences. CONCLUSION: The
evaluation of reactions to single constituents of BP by testing with the special
BP series facilitates understanding how sensitization may be acquired. The
allergen may prove to be BP itself or 1 or more of its constituents. Testing
for the constituents of this series may provide patients with a more specific
allergen diagnosis and may facilitate improved therapy. BP may function as
an important indicator for contact allergy to RMB. Copyright 2001 by W.B.
Saunders Company.
PMID: 11381345 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 87: Z Naturforsch [C]. 2001 Mar-Apr;56(3-4):269-72. |
Propolis from Chilean matorral
hives.
Munoz O, Pena RC, Ureta E, Montenegro G,
Timmermann BN.
Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Palmeras, Santiago de Chile. omunoz@abello.dic.uchile.cl
Viscidone (0.5%), vanillin, 3',4'-(methylendioxy)acetophenone, 3-ethoxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde,
cinnamic acid, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymethyl ester were isolated from propolis
of hives from Cuncumen. This is the first report on propolis composition of
an arid and a Mediterranean type climate area.
PMID: 11371019 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 88: Mutat Res. 2001 May;488(2):135-50. |
Anti-genotoxicity of
galangin as a cancer chemopreventive agent candidate.
Heo MY, Sohn SJ, Au WW.
College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 200, South Korea.
h0858my@hanmail.net
Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds that are present in plants. They have
been shown to possess a variety of biological activities at non-toxic concentrations
in organisms. Galangin, a member of the flavonol class of flavonoid, is present
in high concentrations in medicinal plants (e.g. Alpinia officinarum) and
propolis, a natural beehive product. Results from in vitro and in vivo studies
indicate that galangin with anti-oxidative and free radical scavenging activities
is capable of modulating enzyme activities and suppressing the genotoxicity
of chemicals. These activities will be discussed in this review. Based on
our review, galangin may be a promising candidate for cancer chemoprevention.
Publication Types:
· Review
PMID: 11344041 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 89: In Vivo. 2001 Jan-Feb;15(1):17-23. |
Diverse biological activities
of healthy foods.
Kobayashi N,
Unten S, Kakuta H, Komatsu N, Fujimaki M, Satoh K, Aratsu C, Nakashima H,
Kikuchi H, Ochiai K, Sakagami H.
Fujimi Bee House, Shiki, Saitama, Japan.
Diverse biological activities of 7 healthy foods [powdered pine needle, citrate-fermented
sesame, powdered coffee, royal jelly, propolis, pollen and white sesame oil
(extracted by super critical state (40 degrees C, 350 atmospheric pressure))]
were investigated. The pine needle, sesame and powdered coffee was also extracted
successively by ethanol and hot water, and lyophilized. The pine needle and
coffee extracts, and propolis showed higher in vitro cytotoxic, bactericidal
and oxidation activity, as compared with other 4 lipophilic healthy foods.
However, propolis showed slightly lower, but significant cytotoxic and bactericidal
activity with much reduced oxidation potential. ESR spectroscopy demonstrated
that the cytotoxic activity of these extracts was closely related to their
radical generation and O2- scavenging activities. Healthy food components
may have both pro-oxidant and anti-oxidant properties. Pre-treatment of mice
with pine needle, sesame or powdered coffee extract significantly reduced
the lethality of bacterial infection, possibly due to their host-mediated
action. These extracts failed to reduce the cytophatic effect of HIV-1 (human
immunodeficiency virus) infection in MT-4 cells. No apparent acute toxicity
was detected in mice by oral administration of 10 g/kg of these extracts.
This data suggest the medicinal efficacy of healthy foods.
PMID: 11286123 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 90: Anticancer Drugs. 2001 Feb;12(2):143-9. |
The antioxidant caffeic
acid phenethyl ester induces apoptosis associated with selective scavenging
of hydrogen peroxide in human leukemic HL-60 cells.
Chen YJ, Shiao MS, Wang SY.
Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei,
Taiwan, ROC.
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an active component of propolis, has
many biological and pharmacological activities including antioxidation and
tumor cell cytotoxicity. We examined the type of cell death in human leukemic
HL-60 cells after CAPE treatment in order to elucidate the relationship between
CAPE-induced alterations of the redox state and apoptosis. CAPE treatment
(6 microg/ml) resulted in marked growth inhibition up to 70.3+/-4.0% at day
2. This inhibition was partially blocked by pretreatment with N-acetyl-L-cycteine
(NAC). Agarose gel electrophoresis showed evident DNA fragmentation after
CAPE treatment. CAPE induced a significant decrease in mitochondrial transmembrane
potential to about half of the untreated level after 6 h and a rapid depletion
of intracellular glutathione (GSH) down to 41.7+/-6.0% after 1 h. Pretreatment
of HL-60 cells with NAC reversed the GSH depletion and partially rescued cells
from CAPE-induced apoptosis. With regard to intracellular reactive oxygen
species, CAPE caused a fast and profound scavenging of H202 (19% of untreated
cells after a 2-h treatment) but not of superoxide anion. These results suggest
that apoptosis induced by CAPE is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction,
GSH depletion and selective scavenging of H2O2 in human leukemic HL-60 cells.
PMID: 11261888 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 91: Urol Res. 2000 Dec;28(6):360-3. |
Testicular nitric oxide
levels after unilateral testicular torsion/detorsion in rats pretreated with
caffeic acid phenethyl ester.
Koltuksuz U,
Irmak MK, Karaman A, Uz E, Var A, Ozyurt H, Akyol O.
Department of Pediatric Surgery, Inonu University, Faculty of Medicine, Malatya,
Turkey. ukoltuksuz@inonu.edu.tr
Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in modulating blood flow in normal
and in several pathological conditions, and its levels seem to change with
ischemia-reperfusion injuries. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an active
component of propolis, exhibits antioxidant properties. This experimental
study was designed to determine the changes in NO levels and the effect of
CAPE on NO levels after testicular torsion/ detorsion in rats. Thirty-five
adult male albino rats were divided into four groups: sham operation (n =
8), torsion (n = 9), saline/detorsion (n = 9), and CAPE/detorsion (n = 9).
Rats in the sham operation group were killed after the testes were handled
without torsion. Rats in the torsion group were killed after 720 degrees clockwise
testicular torsion for 2 h. CAPE was administered 30 min before detorsion
in the CAPE/detorsion group and saline was administered in the saline/detorsion
group. After 4 h of testicular detorsion in both of these groups, the rats
were killed and bilateral orchiectomy was performed to determine the tissue
levels of NO. The level of NO in the torsion group (113.77 +/- 33.18 nmol/g
protein) was significantly higher than that of the sham operation group (64.53
+/- 29.64 nmol/g protein). In the saline/detorsion group, the NO level (31.26
+/- 12.58 nmol/g protein) was significantly lower than in the torsion and
sham operation groups. CAPE administration in the CAPE/detorsion group seemed
to raise the NO level (72.63 +/- 23.87 nmol/g protein) above the level of
the sham operation group. Contralateral testes were not affected by the torsion/detorsion
processes performed on the ipsilateral testes. These results show that NO
levels increase with torsion and decrease with detorsion. CAPE administration
seems to increase tissue NO levels and this may be important for protecting
the testes from torsion/detorsion injuries.
PMID: 11221913 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 92: J Ethnopharmacol. 2000 Sep;72(1-2):239-46. |
Cytotoxic, hepatoprotective
and free radical scavenging effects of propolis from Brazil, Peru, the Netherlands
and China.
Banskota AH,
Tezuka Y, Adnyana IK, Midorikawa K,
Matsushige K,
Message D, Huertas AA, Kadota S.
Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Institute of Natural Medicine, Toyama
Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2630-Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
Propolis is a resinous hive product collected by honeybees from various plant
sources. The composition of the propolis depends upon the time, vegetation
and the area of collection. Thus, quality evaluation of the propolis is important,
before use in food and beverages. For this propose three different biological
activities were carried out, i.e. 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free
radical scavenging activity, cytotoxicity and hepatoprotective activity, of
MeOH and water extracts of nine different propolis from Brazil, Peru, the
Netherlands and China. The results showed that water extracts of six Brazilian
and a Chinese propolis possessed stronger DPPH free radical scavenging activity
than the corresponding MeOH extract, whereas in the case of Netherlands and
Peruvian propolis MeOH extract exhibited stronger DPPH free radical scavenging
activity. The MeOH extracts of all propolis possessed stronger cytotoxicity
than the corresponding water extract towards murine colon 26-L5 carcinoma
and human HT-1080 fibrosarcoma cells. The result of hepatoprotective activity
of Brazilian propolis on D-galactosamine (D-GalN)/tumor necrosis factor-alpha
(TNF-alpha)-induced cell death in primary cultured mouse hepatocytes were
found in accordance with the grade set up by beekeepers in Brazil.
PMID: 10967477 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 93: J Ethnopharmacol. 2000 Jul;71(1-2):109-14. |
Comparison of the free
radical-scavenging activity of propolis from several regions of Argentina.
Moreno MI, Isla MI, Sampietro AR,
Vattuone MA.
Catedra de Fitoquimica, Instituto de Estudios Vegetales, Facultad de Bioquimica,
Quimica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucuman, Ayacucho 461, 4000, San
Miguel de Tucuman, Argentina.
Propolis is extensively used in Argentine folk medicine. Alcoholic extracts
of propolis from different regions of Argentina were prepared. The extracts
were analysed for the determination of total flavonoid content (from 13.3
to 42.6 mg/g of propolis) by using the aluminum nitrate method, UV spectrophotometry
and thin layer chromatography. All of them contained high total flavonoid
content. It was also observed that all samples of ethanolic extracts of propolis
showed free radical-scavenging activity in terms of scavenging of the radical
DPPH but the highest activities were found for samples from Tucuman and Santiago
del Estero. In all cases with 20 microg/ml of soluble principles, the percentage
of DPPH degradation was different (Banda Oeste: 67.5%; Veronica: 45%; Forres:
35%; Saenz Pena: 20% and Juan Jose Castelli: 55%). These results may justify
their use as a source of natural antioxidants.
PMID: 10904153 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 94: J Agric Food Chem. 2000 May;48(5):1462-5. |
In vivo antioxidative
activity of propolis evaluated by the interaction with vitamins C and E and
the level of lipid hydroperoxides in rats.
Sun F, Hayami S, Haruna S, Ogiri Y, Tanaka K, Yamada Y, Ikeda K, Yamada H, Sugimoto H, Kawai N, Kojo S.
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Nara 630-8506,
Japan.
In vivo antioxidative activity of propolis was evaluated on the basis of ameliorative
effects on the oxidative stress induced by vitamin E deficiency in rats. The
control group was fed vitamin E-deficient diet, and the propolis group was
fed vitamin E-deficient diet supplemented with 1% of propolis for 4 and 8
weeks. Comparisons were made in tissue concentrations of vitamin C, vitamin
E, and lipid hydroperoxides between these groups. No significant difference
was observed in tissue vitamin E concentration between these groups after
both 4 and 8 weeks. After 4 weeks, the plasma vitamin C concentration of the
propolis group was significantly higher than that of the control group. After
8 weeks, the tissue concentrations of vitamin C in the kidney, stomach, small
intestine, and large intestine of the propolis group were significantly higher
than those of the control group. These results suggest that some components
of propolis are absorbed to circulate in the blood and behave as a hydrophilic
antioxidant that saves vitamin C. The concentration of lipid hydroperoxides
in the large intestine of the propolis group was significantly lower than
that of the control group after 8 weeks. These results suggest that propolis
exerts its antioxidative effect where it is assumed to accumulate, such as
on the kidney, where it is excreted, and on the gastrointestinal tract, where
propolis influences these tissues even from the outside of the cell.
PMID: 10820043 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 95: Arzneimittelforschung. 2000 Apr;50(4):373-9. |
Antiapoptotic effects of propolis
extract and propol on human macrophages exposed to minimally modified low
density lipoprotein.
Claus R, Kinscherf R,
Gehrke C, Bonaterra G,
Basnet P, Metz J, Deigner HP.
Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
An aqueous extract of propolis and the phenolic component of propolis, propol,
were assayed for antioxidative and antiapoptotic properties. Both additions
inhibited Cu(2+)-initiated low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation as characterized
by a reduction of the lag time, reduced the increase of relative electrophoretic
mobility during oxidation and markedly diminished apoptosis of human macrophages
exposed to minimally modified (mmLDL). Moreover, aqueous propolis extract
and propol blocked the mmLDL-induced decrease of glutathione (GSH) and the
activation of the transcription factor NF-kappa B in these cells. The potent
phenolic antioxidant propol thus expands the capability of cells to neutralize
oxidative stress and to prevent apoptosis and is therefore suggested to significantly
contribute to the antiinflammatory and antioxidative effects of propolis.
PMID: 10800636 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 96: Toxicology. 1999 Dec 6;139(3):219-32. |
Effects of some probable
antioxidants on selenite-induced cataract formation and oxidative stress-related
parameters in rats.
Orhan H, Marol S, Hepsen IF, Sahin G.
Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara,
Turkey.
The effect of several natural and synthetic compounds on selenite-induced
cataract was investigated in rat pups. Simultaneous determination of glutathione
S-transferase (GST), selenium dependent glutathione peroxidase (Se-GPx), catalase
(CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels
were carried out in the lens, erythrocyte and plasma. The results showed that
propolis, diclofenac, vitamin C (Vit-C) and quercetin prevented cataract formation
to the extent of 70, 60, 58.4, and 40%, respectively. Standardized extract
of Ginkgo biloba (Egb 761) did not affect the cataract formation. Selenite
treatment caused a significant decrease in the activity of erythrocyte SOD.
This was accompanied by a simultaneous increase in the levels of MDA either
in lens and in plasma. A significant increase was shown in erythrocyte GST
(substrate ethacrynic acid; eaa), and GPx activities and lens GST (substrate
chlorodinitro benzene; cdnb) activity. Antioxidant treatment caused significant
changes in enzyme activities and MDA levels. There was no effect of selenite
and antioxidants on total body weight increase during the course of the study.
Blood parameters did not correlate to lens parameters following selenite treatment.
Our results suggest that antioxidant supplementation following selenite exposure
may prevent the cataract formation and may enhance antioxidant defence of
blood and lens.
PMID: 10647922 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 97: Neoplasma. 1999;46(4):231-6. |
Separation of structurally related
flavonoids by GC/MS technique and determination of their polarographic parameters
and potential carcinogenicity.
Novotny L, Vachalkova A,
Al-Nakib T, Mohanna N, Vesela D, Suchy V.
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University,
Safat.
The present study deals with the investigation of the naturally occurring
derivatives of the benzo[b]pyran-4-one - flavonoids - chrysin, tectochrysin
and galangin, and with the effect of minor changes in their chemical structure
on their separation using GC/MS. In the relation to their close chemical structure,
their basic polarographic parameters were also investigated. Their potential
carcinogenicity index tg alpha was determined by DC polarography experiments
in the presence of alpha-lipoic acid. The tg alpha values for chrysin, tectochrysin
and galangin were all under 0.180. This indicates a very minor carcinogenic
potential that does not prevent the use of the investigated flavonoids in
human.
PMID: 10613603 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 98: Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 1999 Oct;16(4):458-63. |
The effects of caffeic
acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury in
rabbits.
Ilhan A, Koltuksuz U,
Ozen S, Uz E, Ciralik H, Akyol O.
Department of Neurology, Inonu University, Turgut Ozal Medical Center, Malatya,
Turkey. atillai@hotmail.com
OBJECTIVE: Oxygen-derived free radicals have been implicated in the pathogenesis
of spinal cord neuronal injury after both trauma and ischemia-reperfusion.
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an active component of propolis extract,
exhibits antioxidant properties. This experimental study was designed to determine
the effect of CAPE on ischemia-reperfusion of spinal cord in rabbits. METHODS:
Forty-one New Zealand white rabbits were used in the study. The animals undergone
aortic occlusion were divided into three groups each consisting of 11 rabbits:
methylprednisolone (MP), CAPE, and control. CAPE 10 micromol/kg, methyl prednisolone
(MP) 30 mg/kg or similar dose saline were injected intraperitoneally before
surgical intervention. Animals were subjected to 21 min of cross-clamp time.
At the end of occlusion time, the clamps were removed and restoration of the
blood flow was verified visually. Animals in sham group (n = 8) underwent
a surgical procedure similar to the other groups but the aorta was not occluded.
Neurological status was scored by assessment of hindlimb motor function deficit.
RESULTS: The scores in CAPE group was different from control groups at 48
h (3.91+/-0.5 vs. 2.91+/-0.7; P = 0.0013). Spinal cord specimens were obtained
to determine the tissue levels of malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase,
and histological changes. Malondialdehyde levels in control group were increased
significantly when compared to sham group (124.22+/-24.36 and 41.92+/-10.08
nmol/g wet tissue, P = 0.0003). MDA levels in the CAPE group were lower than
MP group and differences between the two groups were statistically significant
(56.77+/-15.265 and 107.74+/-19.31 nmol/g wet tissue, P = 0.0001). We did
not observe additional tissue injury in CAPE group when compared to control
group. SOD and CAT activities were not concordant in all the groups. CONCLUSIONS:
These results suggest that CAPE may be an available agent to protect the spinal
cord from ischemia-reperfusion injury.
PMID: 10571095 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 99: J Pediatr Surg. 1999 Oct;34(10):1458-62. |
Caffeic acid phenethyl
ester prevents intestinal reperfusion injury in rats.
Koltuksuz U,
Ozen S, Uz E, Aydinc M, Karaman A, Gultek A, Akyol O, Gursoy MH, Aydin E.
Department of Pediatric Surgery, Inonu University, Medical Faculty, Malatya,
Turkey.
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Ischemia-reperfusion injury is encountered frequently
in conditions that diminish intestinal blood flow. Caffeic acid phenethyl
ester (CAPE), which is a specific component of the honeybee hive product propolis,
exhibits potential antioxidant properties. This experimental study was designed
to determine the effect of CAPE on ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat intestine.
METHODS: Fifty rats were divided into 5 groups; sham (SH), saline ischemia
(SI), saline reperfusion (SR), CAPE ischemia (CI), and CAPE reperfusion (CR).
Either CAPE, 10 micromol/kg, or saline was administered intraperitoneally
30 minutes before ischemia. Intestinal ischemia for 30 minutes and reperfusion
for 60 minutes were applied. Ileum specimens were obtained to determine the
tissue levels of malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and histological
changes. RESULTS: Malondialdehyde levels in the CR group did not increase
after reperfusion when compared with the CI group. However, statistically
significant differences were observed between the SR and SI groups. Additional
mucosal injury in the CR group when compared with the CI group was not observed.
Whereas, there was a statistically significant increase in mucosal injury
in the SR group. Reperfusion did not cause further injuries through both biochemical
and histological parameters in the CR group. CONCLUSIONS: Results of this
study showed that prophylactic administration of CAPE in ischemic condition
prevents reperfusion injuries by eliminating oxygen radicals and inhibiting
polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration. CAPE may be useful in combating
the diseases of oxidative stress.
PMID: 10549747 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 100: Ophthalmic Res. 1999;31(6):426-31. |
Topically applied water
extract of propolis to suppress corneal neovascularization in rabbits.
Hepsen IF, Er H, Cekic O.
Department of Ophthalmology, Turgut Ozal Medical Center, University of Inonu,
Malatya, Turkey. ifh@aidata.com.tr
PURPOSE: Propolis, a natural honey bee hive product, has anti-inflammatory
and antioxidative properties. We aimed to assess the possible contribution
of topically applied propolis to the suppression of corneal neovascularization
(CNV). METHODS: The effect of a water extract of propolis (WEP) 1% drops (group
1) in comparison with dexamethasone 0.1% (group 2) and saline (group 3) on
CNV was tested in rabbit corneas injured by silver nitrate cauterization.
The extent of CNV was quantitated as the area of CNV and the percent area
of CNV for each cornea of the three groups (12 right eyes per group) in the
first week of the treatment. The mean percent CNV was used for statistical
analysis. RESULTS: The corneas treated with the topical WEP 1% had an almost
equal percent CNV as compared with the corneas treated with topical dexamethasone
0.1% and had less percent CNV than the control eyes. The quantitative analysis
in groups 1, 2 and 3 revealed that the mean percent CNV was 41.0 +/- 14.1,
39.4 +/- 11.0 and 56.9 +/- 18.4, respectively. The differences between both
groups 1 and 3 as well as groups 2 and 3 were statistically significant (p
= 0.02 and p = 0.01, respectively), whereas the difference between groups
1 and 2 was not significant (p = 0.86). CONCLUSIONS: The topical application
of a WEP 1% has an inhibitory effect on CNV in the rabbit's cornea. The inhibitory
effect of propolis was shown to be comparable to that of topical dexamethasone
0.1%, a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis. We suggest that the effect of propolis
may partially be due to its inhibitory effect on the activity of both cyclo-oxygenase
and lipo-oxygenase.
PMID: 10474071 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 101: Z Naturforsch [C]. 1997 Nov-Dec;52(11-12):828-33. |
Potent free radical scavenging
activity of propol isolated from Brazilian propolis.
Basnet P, Matsuno T, Neidlein R.
Pharmazeutisch-Chemisches Institut, Universitat Heidelberg, Germany.
We evaluated free radical scavenging activity of the water, methanol and chloroform
extracts of propolis in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical
and xanthine-xanthine oxidase (XOD) generated superoxide anion assay systems.
The free radical scavenging activity guided fractionation and chemical analysis
led to the isolation of a new compound, propol (3-[4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-but-1-enyl)-phenyl]-acrylic
acid) from the water extract, which was more potent than most common antioxidants
such as vitamin C and vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) in these assay systems.
PMID: 9463940 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 102: Cancer Res. 1997 Feb 1;57(3):440-6. |
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester
stimulates human antioxidant response element-mediated expression of the NAD(P)H:quinone
oxidoreductase (NQO1) gene.
Jaiswal AK, Venugopal R,
Mucha J, Carothers AM,
Grunberger D.
Department of Pharmacology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
19111, USA.
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is a phenolic antioxidant derived from
the propolis of honeybee hives. CAPE was shown to inhibit the formation of
intracellular hydrogen peroxide and oxidized bases in DNA of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate
(TPA)-treated HeLa cells and was also found to induce a redox change that
correlated with differential growth effects in transformed cells but not the
nontumorigenic parental ones. Mediated via the electrophile or human antioxidant
response element (hARE), induction of the expression of NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase
(NQO1) and glutathione S-transferase Ya subunit genes by certain phenolic
antioxidants has been correlated with the chemopreventive properties of these
agents. Here, we determined by Northern analysis that CAPE treatment of hepatoma
cells stimulates NQO1 gene expression in cultured human hepatoma cells (HepG2),
and we characterized the effects of CAPE treatment on the expression of a
reporter gene either containing or lacking the hARE or carrying a mutant version
of this element in rodent hepatoma (Hepa-1) transfectants. A dose-dependent
transactivation of human hARE-mediated chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat)
gene expression was observed upon treatments of the Hepa-1 transfectants with
TPA, a known inducer, as well as with CAPE. The combined treatments resulted
in an apparent additive stimulation of the reporter expression. To learn whether
this activation of cat gene expression was effected by protein kinase C in
CAPE-treated cells, a comparison was made of cat gene activity after addition
of calphostin, a protein kinase C inhibitor. Calphostin reduced the cat gene
induction by TPA but not by CAPE, suggesting that stimulation of gene expression
in this system by these agents proceeds via distinct mechanisms. Band-shift
experiments to examine binding of transactivator proteins from nuclear extracts
of treated and untreated cells to a hARE DNA probe showed that TPA exposure
increased the binding level. In contrast, binding of factors to this probe
was inhibited after either in vivo treatment of cells with CAPE or in vitro
addition of this compound to the nuclear extract. In view of the clear stimulation
by CAPE of gene expression mediated by hARE, possible explanations of this
result are discussed.
PMID: 9012471 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 103: Pharmacol Res. 1997 Jan;35(1):1-4. |
Effects of Cuban red propolis
on galactosamine-induced hepatitis in rats.
Rodriguez S,
Ancheta O, Ramos ME, Remirez D, Rojas E, Gonzalez R.
Electron Microscopy Laboratory, National Center for Scientific Research, Havana,
Cuba.
Using transmission electron microscopy and biochemical analysis, the effect
of cuban red propolis against hepatitis induced by 1,000 mg kg-1 of galactosamine
in rats was studied. An ethanolic extract of propolis was prepared and it
was given to rats at doses of 10, 50 and 100 mg kg-1, 30 min before the hepatotoxin.
Propolis extract prevented hepatocytes alterations induced by galactosamine.
It was mainly seen in rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, nucleus
and plasma membrane of hepatocytes. Propolis extract induced reversion of
the increased activity of alanine aminotransferase and malondialdehyde concentration
in the serum of rats treated with galactosamine. The probable role of antioxidant
activity of propolis in the prevention of hepatitis is discussed in this paper.
PMID: 9149308 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 104: Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 1996 Dec;55(6):441-9. |
The effect of propolis and its
components on eicosanoid production during the inflammatory response.
Mirzoeva OK,
Calder PC.
Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, UK.
To investigate the possible mechanism of the therapeutic action of propolis,
we studied: (a) the effect of propolis, its components, caffeic acid phenethyl
ester (CAPE), caffeic acid (CA), quercetin and naringenin, as well as the
synthetic compounds indomethacin (IM) and nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA),
and a novel lipoxygenase inhibitor N,N'-dicyclohexyl-O-(3,4-dihydroxycinnamoyl)isourea
(DCHCU) on eicosanoid production by mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro;
(b) the effect of IM, NDGA, CA, CAPE, DCHCU and propolis on eicosanoid production
during acute inflammation in vivo; and (c) the ex vivo and in vivo effect
of dietary propolis on arachidonic acid metabolism. The ethanol extract of
propolis suppressed prostaglandin and leukotriene generation by murine peritoneal
macrophages in vitro and during zymosan-induced acute peritoneal inflammation
in vivo. Dietary propolis significantly suppressed the lipoxygenase pathway
of arachidonic acid metabolism during inflammation in vivo. CAPE was the most
potent modulator of the arachidonic acid cascade among the propolis components
examined.
PMID: 9014224 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 105: Contact Dermatitis. 1996 Sep;35(3):184-5. |
Photodermatitis from plant derivatives
in topical and oral medicaments.
Fernandez de Corres L,
Diez JM, Audicana M, Garcia M, Munoz D, Fernandez E,
Etxenagusia M.
Servicio de Alergologia, Hospital Santiago Apostol, Spain.
Publication Types:
PMID: 8930489 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 106: Drugs Exp Clin Res. 1996;22(6):309-16. |
The protective effect of aqueous
propolis extract on isolated rat hepatocytes against carbon tetrachloride
toxicity.
Mahran LG, el-Khatib AS,
Agha AM, Khayyal MT.
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt.
The protective effect of honeybee aqueous propolis extract (APE) against the
hepatotoxicity of carbon tetrachloride was investigated using isolated liver-cell
suspensions as the experimental model. Various concentrations of the extract
were preincubated with the hepatocyte suspensions for 30 min before being
subjected to the hepatotoxin for a further 30 min. The hepatocyte toxicity
was assessed using three parameters, namely, the release of lactate dehydrogenase,
the formation of lipid peroxides and the depletion of intracellular reduced
glutathione. It was found that a dose-related protection against the induced
cell injury was conferred by APE as evidenced by its inhibitory influence
on the changes induced by CCl4 on the measured parameters. The hepatocyte
protective effect of APE is probably a result of its antioxidant and free-radical-scavenging
properties which in turn help to maintain the intracellular level of reduced
glutathione.
PMID: 9034757 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 107: Arch Med Res. 1996 Autumn;27(3):285-9. |
Histopathological evaluation
on the effect of red propolis on liver damage induced by CCl4 in rats.
Merino N, Gonzalez R, Gonzalez A, Remirez D.
Departamento de Farmacologia y Toxicologia, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones
Cientificas, Havana, Cuba.
A histopathological evaluation was performed on liver of rats treated with
carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and 25,50 and 100 mg/kg of Cuban red propolis
(RP) extract. Additionally, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in serum and liver
triglycerides were determined in all animals. The morphometric study included
the count of ballooned cells at the zone III of the Rappaport acini and the
assessment of a software program to estimate the extension of steatosis area.
A significant reduction of ballooned cells count in liver was observed at
three dose levels of RP extract with respect to rats treated only with CCl4.
Also, a certain reduction of steatosis degree as well as decreased concentration
of liver triglycerides and ALT activity were found in three groups of rats
treated with RP extract and CCl4 in relation to those treated with the hepatotoxin.
Taken together, the histopathological and biochemical findings show hepatoprotective
effects of RP extract in CCl4-induced liver damage in rats, probably due to
the antioxidant effect of RP.
PMID: 8854383 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 108: Exp Mol Pathol. 1995 Jun;62(3):190-8. |
Propolis protects against
doxorubicin-induced myocardiopathy in rats.
Chopra S, Pillai KK, Husain SZ, Giri DK.
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University),
New Delhi, India.
Propolis (bee glue) is one of the major hive products of bees and is rich
in flavonoids, which are known for antioxidant activities. Doxorubicin-induced
myocardiopathy is the consequence of oxidative stress through the mediation
of free radicals. The effect of intraperitoneal administration of propolis
(50 and 100 mg/kg) was studied on cardiomyopathy produced by doxorubicin (10
mg/kg, i.v.) in rats. Serum creatine phosphokinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase
(AST), blood and tissue glutathione (GSH), and thiobarbituric acid reactive
substances (TBARS) in heart were estimated to assess the status of heart muscle.
An elevation of the levels of CK, AST, GSH, and TBARS was observed following
doxorubicin treatment. Parallel experiments with a pretreatment of propolis
significantly reduced the levels of these parameters . Biochemical observations
were supplemented by histopathological examination of heart sections. The
protective effect of propolis was compared with that of rutin, a known cardioprotective
flavonoid. The study demonstrates the cardioprotective effect of propolis
in doxorubicin-induced experimental cardiotoxicity.
PMID: 8612723 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 109: Free Radic Biol Med. 1995 May;18(5):901-8. |
Redox intermediates of
flavonoids and caffeic acid esters from propolis: an EPR spectroscopy and
cyclic voltammetry study.
Rapta P, Misik V, Stasko A, Vrabel I.
Faculty of Chemistry, Slovak Technical University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
The redox properties of flavonoids: chrysin (1), tectochrysin (2), galangin
(3), isalpinin (4), pinostrobin (5), pinobanksin (6), pinobanksin-3-acetate
(7), and of caffeic acid ester (8) and diacetylcaffeic acid ester (9), all
isolated from propolis, were investigated by cyclic voltammetry in acetonitrile.
The choice of aprotic solvent lowered the reactivity of the radical intermediates
and made possible to identify redox steps and intermediates not detected so
far. The oxidation potentials (vs. saturated calomel electrode) of the investigated
compounds were in the region of 1.5 V for 3 and 4; 1.9 V for 1, 2, and 5;
2.0 V for 6 and 7; 1.29 V for 8; and 2.3 V for 9. These oxidation potentials
were mainly influenced by the presence of a double bond in 2,3-position and
substituent R1 in position 3. Comparison with our earlier data revealed that
flavonoids, 1-4, and caffeic acid ester 8 with lower oxidation potentials
showed the maximal lipid antioxidant activity, whereas those with higher potentials
(5, 6, 7, and 9) are less active. On reduction of 1-9 several one-electron-steps
were typically observed in the potential regions: -1.5 V, -1.8 V, and -2 V.
where in simultaneous EPR experiments anion radicals of 1 and 3 were observed
with the center of unpaired spin density on ring A. Upon oxidation of flavonoids
1-4 carbonyl carbon-centered radicals, .C(O)R, were identified as consecutive
products using the EPR spin trapping technique.
PMID: 7797098 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 110: Bioorg Khim. 1995 Feb;21(2):143-51. |
[Lipophilic derivatives of caffeic
acid as lipoxygenase inhibitors with antioxidant properties]
[Article in Russian]
Mirzoeva OK,
Sud'ina GF, Pushkareva MA,
Korshunova GA,
Sumbatian NV,
Varfolomeev SD.
We have prepared two lipophilic derivatives of caffeic acid at the carboxylic
function--caffeic acid phenethyl ester, an active component of propolis, and
N,N'-dicyclohexyl-O-(3,4-dihydroxycinnamoyl)-isourea. Both substances inhibit
barley 5-lipoxygenase and soybean 15-lipoxygenase at micromolar concentrations.
The inhibition is uncompetitive, dose-dependent and reversible. The caffeic
acid derivatives also exhibit antioxidant properties and at a concentration
5-10 microM completely block the production of the reactive oxygen species
in human neutrophils and in the cell-free xanthine/xanthine oxidase system.
PMID: 7538294 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 111: Lik Sprava. 1995 Jan-Feb;(1-2):68-70. |
[The indices of the antioxidant
system and the status of the cerebral blood supply in patients with an ischemic
stroke on apitherapy]
[Article in Ukrainian]
Samoliuk VA.
It has been established that the use of apitherapy (pollen and propolis) to
treat patients with ischemic insults leads to deeper positive shifts in indices
of the antioxidant system and brain blood supply. This, in its turn, makes
for rapid and complete restoration of disturbed and lost functions of the
patients' organism.
PMID: 7483551 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 112: J Ethnopharmacol. 1994 Jan;41(1-2):9-13. |
Scavenging action of propolis
extract against oxygen radicals.
Pascual C, Gonzalez R, Torricella RG.
National Center for Scientific Research, Clinical Biochemistry Department,
Playa, La Habana, Cuba.
The ethanolic extracts of two types of cuban propolis (R and P) showed a similar
manner of scavenging action against different species of oxygen radicals which
were generated by specific chemical reactions. Chemiluminescence produced
by superoxide generated from the xanthine-xanthine oxidase reaction was 50%
inhibited by approximately 5 micrograms/ml of propolis R and 9.5 micrograms/ml
of propolis P and by catechin (0.15 micrograms/ml) and superoxide dismutase
(72 ng/ml). Alkoxy radical scavenging effect was similar to that produced
by 0.11 micrograms/ml of alpha-tocopherol: inhibition of chemiluminescence
by 50% was caused by approximately 0.6 micrograms/ml of both propolis preparations.
The results indicate that the antioxidative properties of both propolis could
be attributed to their free radical scavenging activity against alkoxy radicals
and to a lesser degree against superoxide.
PMID: 8170165 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 113: Z Naturforsch [C]. 1994 Jan-Feb;49(1-2):39-43. |
Biochemical activities of propolis-extracts.
III. Inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase.
Strehl E, Volpert R, Elstner EF.
Institut fur Botanik und Mikrobiologie, Biochemisches Labor, Technische Universitat
Munchen.
Ethanolic and aqueous extracts of the natural compound PROPOLIS indicate substantial
antiinflammatory functions as well as antibiotic activities in vitro and in
vivo. The exact mode of physiological or biochemical mechanisms responsible
for the medical effects, however, is all but clear. The standardization on
the basis of quantitative determination of prominent components of these extracts
have been substituted recently by simple biochemical model reactions including
photodynamic properties. In this communication we report on the inhibitory
activity of an aqueous extract of propolis on the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase.
This activity may at least partially be due to the content of caffeic acid,
as revealed by HPLC chromatography and comparative activity tests of representative
ingredients of the propolis extract. This result may explain some of the protective
functions of propolis, similar to those shown for several "non-steroidal
antiinflammatory drugs", NSAIDs.
PMID: 8148008 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 114: Z Naturforsch [C]. 1993 Nov-Dec;48(11-12):858-62. |
Biochemical activities of propolis
extracts. II. Photodynamic activities.
Volpert R, Elstner EF.
Institut fur Botanik und Mikrobiologie, Biochemisches Labor, Technische Universitat
Munchen, Bundesrepublik Deutschland.
Ethanolic and aqueous extracts of the "bee glue" Propolis exhibit
antioxidative properties and are used as antiinflammatory drugs in folk medicine.
In order to standardize the principle activities of prominent components of
these extracts, simple biochemical tests have been introduced in the preceding
paper. These activity tests prove the high antioxidative and inhibitory capacities
of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of propolis in vitro. In the present communication
we report on experiments documenting photodynamic quenching properties of
these extracts. Using riboflavin, rose bengal or hematoporphyrin as photoactivators
and ketomethylthiobutyric acid or crocin as indicators, the protective functions
of propolis preparations can be demonstrated. The results indicate that the
aqueous extracts are more active than the corresponding ethanolic preparation.
PMID: 8297423 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 115: Z Naturforsch [C]. 1993 Nov-Dec;48(11-12):851-7. |
Biochemical activities of propolis
extracts. I. Standardization and antioxidative properties of ethanolic and
aqueous derivatives.
Volpert R, Elstner EF.
Institut fur Botanik und Mikrobiologie, Biochemisches Labor, Technische Universitat
Munchen, Bundesrepublik Deutschland.
Ethanolic extracts of Propolis are used as antiinflammatory and wound healing
drugs since ancient times. In order to facilitate a comparison of different
extracts, the standardization on the basis of quantitative determination of
prominent components of these extracts has been substituted for simple biochemical
"activity" tests. One of these activity tests bases on the inhibition
of peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation of indole acetic acid indicating the presence
of a defined mixture of monophenolic and diphenolic compounds. Other tests
(diaphorase-catalyzed reductions and xanthine oxidase-catalyzed oxidations)
demonstrate significant radical scavenging properties. Water-soluble extracts
of propolis exhibit higher antioxidative and inhibitory activities as compared
to the ethanolic extract.
PMID: 8297422 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 116: Cancer Res. 1993 Sep 15;53(18):4182-8. |
Inhibitory effect of caffeic
acid esters on azoxymethane-induced biochemical changes and aberrant crypt
foci formation in rat colon.
Rao CV, Desai D, Simi B, Kulkarni N, Amin S, Reddy BS.
Division of Nutritional Carcinogenesis, American Health Foundation, Valhalla,
New York 10595.
Previous work from this laboratory established that caffeic acid esters, present
in the propolis of honey bee hives, are potent inhibitors of human colon tumor
cell growth, suggesting that these compounds may possess antitumor activity
against colon carcinogenesis. The present study was designed to investigate
(a) the inhibitory effects of methyl caffeate (MC) and phenylethyl caffeate
(PEC) on azoxymethane (AOM)-induced ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), tyrosine
protein kinase (TPK), and arachidonic acid metabolism in liver and colonic
mucosa of male F344 rats, (b) the effects of caffeic acid, MC, PEC, phenylethyl-3-methylcaffeate
(PEMC), and phenylethyl dimethylcaffeate (PEDMC) on in vitro arachidonic acid
metabolism in liver and colonic mucosa, and (c) the effects of PEC, PEMC,
and PEDMC on AOM-induced aberrant crypt foci (ACF) formation in the colon
of F344 rats. At 5 weeks of age, groups of animals were fed diets containing
600 ppm MC or PEC (biochemical study) or 500 ppm PEC, PEMC, or PEDMC (ACF
study). Two weeks later, all animals except the vehicle-treated groups were
given s.c. injections of AOM, once weekly for 2 weeks. The animals intended
for the biochemical study were sacrificed 5 days later and colonic mucosa
and liver were analyzed for ODC, TPK, lipoxygenase, and cyclooxygenase metabolites.
The animals intended for the ACF study were sacrificed 9 weeks later and analyzed
for ACF in the colon. The results indicate that the PEC diet significantly
inhibited AOM-induced ODC (P < 0.05) and TPK (P < 0.001) activities
in liver and colon. The PEC diet significantly (P < 0.001) suppressed the
AOM-induced lipoxygenase metabolites 8(S)- and 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic
acid (HETE). The animals fed the MC diet exhibited a moderate inhibitory effect
on ODC and 5(S)-, 8(S)-, 12(S)-, and 15(S)-HETEs and a significant (P <
0.001) effect on colonic TPK activity. However, the MC and PEC diets showed
no significant inhibitory effects on cyclooxygenase metabolism. In an in vitro
study, caffeic acid and MC showed inhibitory effects on HETE formation only
at a 100 microM concentration, whereas PEC, PEMC, and PEDMC suppressed in
vitro HETE formation in a dose-dependent manner. AOM-induced colonic ACF were
significantly inhibited in the animals fed PEC (55%), PEMC (82%), or PEDMC
(81%). The results of the present study indicate that PEC, PEMC, and PEDMC,
present in honey, inhibit AOM-induced colonic preneoplastic lesions, ODC,
TPK, and lipoxygenase activity, which are relevant to colon carcinogenesis.
PMID: 8364913 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 117: FEBS Lett. 1993 Aug 23;329(1-2):21-4. |
Caffeic acid phenethyl
ester as a lipoxygenase inhibitor with antioxidant properties.
Sud'ina GF, Mirzoeva OK,
Pushkareva MA,
Korshunova GA,
Sumbatyan NV,
Varfolomeev SD.
A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University,
Russian Federation.
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester, an active component of propolis extract, inhibits
5-lipoxygenase in the micromolar concentration range. The inhibition is of
an uncompetitive type, i.e. the inhibitor binds to the enzyme-substrate complex
but not to the free enzyme. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester also exhibits antioxidant
properties. At a concentration of 10 microM, it completely blocks production
of reactive oxygen species in human neutrophils and the xanthine/xanthine
oxidase system.
PMID: 7689063 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 118: Rev Roum Virol. 1992 Jul-Dec;43(3-4):165-73. |
[The mechanisms of the antiherpetic
action of aqueous propolis extracts. I. The antioxidant action on human fibroblast
cultures]
[Article in French]
Dumitrescu M,
Esanu V, Crisan I.
Institut de Virologie Stefan S. Nicolau, Bucarest, Roumanie.
A redox state modulation model was worked out in human fibroblast cultures
treated with oxidation stress inducing agents and a redox agent, virtually
protecting cell against the stress. Quantification of the global redox changes
in fibroblasts was done using the hemoglobin electronic spectrum, in the presence
and in the absence of H2O2.
PMID: 1339205 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 119: Int J Radiat Biol. 1990 Mar;57(3):461-5. |
Free radical scavenging
by ethanol extract of propolis.
Scheller S, Wilczok T, Imielski S, Krol W, Gabrys J, Shani J.
Department of Microbiology, Silesian School of Medicine, Zabrze-Rokitnica,
Poland.
The free radical scavenging ability of an ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP)
was demonstrated by electron spin resonance spectroscopy, when 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
(DPPH) was treated with increasing concentrations of EEP. It was shown that
the DPPH signal intensity was inversely related to the EEP concentration and
to the reaction time. It is assumed that the ability of components in EEP
to donate a hydrogen atom is responsible for the lowering of the DPPH-EEP
signal, and reflect the anti-oxidative nature of EEP.
PMID: 1968939 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 120: Biochem Int. 1990;21(4):593-7. |
Anti-oxidant property of ethanolic
extract of propolis (EEP) as evaluated by inhibiting the chemiluminescence
oxidation of luminol.
Krol W, Czuba Z, Scheller S, Gabrys J, Grabiec S, Shani J.
Department of Microbiology, Silesian School of Medicine, Zabrze-Rokitnica
Poland.
Ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) has remarkable medical properties, including
protection of mice against gamma irradiation. Its anti-oxidative effect has
been attributed to its radical scavenging ability. This manuscript demonstrates
the ability of increasing amounts of EEP to inhibit luminol-H2O2 chemiluminescence
in vitro, and suggests that its anti-oxidative capacity is partly due to its
high content of flavonoids.
PMID: 2241984 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 121: Z Naturforsch [C]. 1989 Nov-Dec;44(11-12):1049-52. |
The ability of ethanolic
extract of propolis (EEP) to protect mice against gamma irradiation.
Scheller
S, Gazda
G, Krol
W, Czuba
Z, Zajusz
A, Gabrys
J, Shani
J.
Department of Microbiology, Silesian School of Medicine, Zabrze-Rokitnica,
Poland.
Ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) was tested as a protective agent against
gamma irradiation in mice. The mice were exposed to 6 Gy gamma irradiation
from a 60Co source, and were treated intraperitoneally with EEP, administered
before and after their irradiation. While the non-treated mice expired within
12 weeks, the mice that received a series of EEP treatments survived the irradiation,
and their leucocyte count as well as their spleens' plaque-forming activity
returned to normal. It is suggested that an antioxidant and a free radical
scavenger in the EEP are responsible for the radiation protective effect of
the extract of this natural product.
PMID: 2698623 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 122: Vopr Pitan. 1988 Jul-Aug;(4):68-70. |
[Vitamin E and propolis
as antioxidants after excessive administration of polyunsaturated fatty acids]
[Article in Russian]
Okonenko
LB, Aidarkhanov
BB, Rakhmetova
AA, Zhakisheva
SSh, Iksymbaeva
ZhS.
Polyunsaturated fatty acids included into animals' ration (10% of linethol)
intensified lipid peroxidation and increased the activity of cathepsin D,
an enzyme responsible for protein and lipid degradation in the cell. Vitamin
E stabilized the impaired processes. Biologically active complex of propolis
produced a similar effect, however, decreased protein synthesis and a tendency
to animals' body mass increment have evidenced a more pronounced antioxidative
action as compared to that of vitamin E.
PMID: 3232343 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 123: Agressologie. 1987 Sep;28(8):831-2. |
Biochemical effects of standardized
propolis extract (SPE) and of silymarin on the liver of ethyl alcohol intoxicated
rats.
Giurgea R, Rusu MA, Coprean D, Popescu H, Polinicencu C.
PMID: 3425824 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| 124: Vopr Med Khim. 1986 May-Jun;32(3):45-8. |
[Propolis as an inhibitor of
free radical lipid oxidation in salmonellosis]
[Article in Russian]
Okonenko LB.
Lipid peroxidation was activated in salmonellosis. Content of hydroperoxides
and malonic dialdehyde was increased in mice liver tissue. At the same time,
the activity of antioxidative enzymes was altered. Continuous administration
of propolis stabilized lipid peroxidation, thus suggesting that the substance
could be used as a drug in medicine.
PMID: 3523990 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]